<p>Antibiotic poisoning of water has arisen as a significant environmental issue that researchers have paid particular attention to in recent years. This study focuses on the development of a magnetite/cellulose nanocomposite derived from date palm fiber for the efficient removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) from wastewater using both adsorption and Photo-Fenton processes. The developed nanomagnetite/biopolymer-based composite is thought to be able to effectively remove antibiotics from aqueous solutions by combining adsorption and photodegradation because of its large surface area, functional groups, and catalytic activity. The structural and surface properties of these materials were characterized by using various physicochemical techniques. The magnetic/cellulose nanocomposite exhibited good thermal stability, diverse surface functional groups, a point of zero charge (pH_PZC) of 6.5, a relatively high specific surface area (103.4&#xa0;m²g⁻¹), mesoporous structure with an average pore radius of 2.17&#xa0;nm, a low energy band gap of 2.4&#xa0;eV, and an average particle size of approximately 10&#xa0;nm as observed by TEM. The results show that NgC exhibited the highest adsorption capacity (<i>X</i>_<i>m</i> = 146.68&#xa0;mg g⁻¹) at 22&#xa0;°C, pH 8, with a dosage of 2&#xa0;g L⁻¹ and an equilibrium time of 2&#xa0;h. The adsorption of CIP onto all solid adsorbents followed the pseudo-second-order, Langmuir, and Temkin nonlinear models, indicating an endothermic and spontaneous process. CIP degradation using NgC via the Photo-Fenton process achieved 100% removal within 60&#xa0;min at 35&#xa0;°C, pH 4, and a catalyst dosage of 2.0&#xa0;g L⁻¹. The degradation kinetics on the photocatalyst surface were well described by the pseudo-first order (PFO), Arrhenius, and Eyring–Polanyi models, indicating an endothermic and nonspontaneous process. After 10 consecutive cycles, the catalytic efficiency of Ng and NgC toward CIP degradation declined by only 8.9% and 7.7%, respectively, demonstrating good reusability.</p>