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<p>Nitrogen heterocycles are ubiquitous, found in a wide range of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals. Inspired by the ingenuity of nitrogen heterocycles in nature, the facile and efficient synthesis of heterocycles requires considerable attention from the investigator. Recently, the application of enzymes has been explored for the synthesis of a wide range of chemicals, natural products, synthetic building blocks, and bioactive agents. This review summarizes the latest reports on the enzyme-triggered reaction for the green synthesis of various five-membered nitrogen heterocycles, including pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, and tetrazole, between 2005 and 2025. Additionally, the role of enzyme catalysis in the development of various therapeutic agents has been highlighted, encompassing the latest updates.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Enzyme-Triggered Synthesis and Functionalization of Five-Membered Nitrogen Atom(s) Containing Heterocycles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Shivangi Jaiswal,
  • Annu Bhardwaj,
  • Jaya Dwivedi,
  • Swapnil Sharma

摘要

Nitrogen heterocycles are ubiquitous, found in a wide range of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals. Inspired by the ingenuity of nitrogen heterocycles in nature, the facile and efficient synthesis of heterocycles requires considerable attention from the investigator. Recently, the application of enzymes has been explored for the synthesis of a wide range of chemicals, natural products, synthetic building blocks, and bioactive agents. This review summarizes the latest reports on the enzyme-triggered reaction for the green synthesis of various five-membered nitrogen heterocycles, including pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, and tetrazole, between 2005 and 2025. Additionally, the role of enzyme catalysis in the development of various therapeutic agents has been highlighted, encompassing the latest updates.

Graphical Abstract