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<p>A diversity of green-synthesized Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs was prepared using aloe vera as a fuel source via a hydrothermal approach. Aloe vera extract was utilized as a bio-reducing agent to facilitate the synthesis of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs. The influence of calcination temperature on the catalysts’ crystallinity, morphology, and catalytic activity was investigated. All catalysts displayed similar crystallite structures and functional groups, although higher annealing temperatures resulted in increased crystallinity, as confirmed by XRD and FT-IR analyses. Elemental analysis via EDX and XPS revealed the catalysts’ composition. During NaBH<sub>4</sub> hydrolysis, the performance improved gradually with higher annealing temperatures. The catalysts exhibit two different behaviors of reaction progress: a linear increase in the plot of H<sub>2</sub> volume over time in AHT300 and a curved trend in AHT600 and AHT900. The magnetic properties observed in AHT600 and AHT900 during the reaction indicated in-situ reduction of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs to Co<sub>x</sub>B. The optimal calcination temperature is 600&#xa0;°C, with AHT600 offering higher catalytic efficiency (6502 ml.g<sup>− 1</sup>.min<sup>− 1</sup> at 45&#xa0;°C), and cyclic stability for NaBH<sub>4</sub> hydrolysis.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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In-Situ Reduction of Aloe Vera-Assisted Co3O4 Catalysts Via Hydrothermal Approach During NaBH4 Hydrolysis: Calcination-Induced Structural Effects on Hydrogen Production

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Simon W. Samouel,
  • Tarek T. Ali,
  • Bahaa M. Abu-Zied,
  • Hatem A. Mahmoud

摘要

A diversity of green-synthesized Co3O4 NPs was prepared using aloe vera as a fuel source via a hydrothermal approach. Aloe vera extract was utilized as a bio-reducing agent to facilitate the synthesis of Co3O4 NPs. The influence of calcination temperature on the catalysts’ crystallinity, morphology, and catalytic activity was investigated. All catalysts displayed similar crystallite structures and functional groups, although higher annealing temperatures resulted in increased crystallinity, as confirmed by XRD and FT-IR analyses. Elemental analysis via EDX and XPS revealed the catalysts’ composition. During NaBH4 hydrolysis, the performance improved gradually with higher annealing temperatures. The catalysts exhibit two different behaviors of reaction progress: a linear increase in the plot of H2 volume over time in AHT300 and a curved trend in AHT600 and AHT900. The magnetic properties observed in AHT600 and AHT900 during the reaction indicated in-situ reduction of Co3O4 NPs to CoxB. The optimal calcination temperature is 600 °C, with AHT600 offering higher catalytic efficiency (6502 ml.g− 1.min− 1 at 45 °C), and cyclic stability for NaBH4 hydrolysis.

Graphical Abstract