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<p>We present a sustainable and efficient strategy for the preparation of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and N-formylation of primary amine derivatives. O-phenylenediamine reacted with benzaldehyde in ethanol in the presence of commercially available molybdenum trioxide (25&#xa0;mg) as the catalyst, and the mixture was stirred at 50&#xa0;°C for approximately 1&#xa0;h. The resulting 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives (10 compounds) were obtained as solids in yields of 85–94%, and the N-formylation of primary amine derivatives (13 compounds), synthesized from aniline and formic acid, was carried out using DMSO as a solvent. Molybdenum trioxide (25&#xa0;mg) was used as a catalyst and stirred at 120&#xa0;°C for approximately 1&#xa0;h. The resulting formamide derivatives were obtained in yields ranging from 86% to 92%. The molecular structures of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-1&#xa0;H-benzo[d]imidazole (<b>3c</b>) and N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)formamide (<b>6f</b>) were approved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and corresponding packing diagrams. The catalyst was separated from the reaction by centrifugation and reused for up to six successive cycles without a notable loss of catalytic efficiency. This catalytic system offers numerous advantages, including cost-effectiveness, operational simplicity, broad substrate compatibility, excellent product yields, and straightforward work-up procedures.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Molybdenum Trioxide as an Efficient, Heterogeneous and Reusable Catalyst for the 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles Synthesis and N-Formylation of Primary Aromatic Amines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Anand Maurya,
  • Sanjeev Kumar,
  • Alka Agarwal

摘要

We present a sustainable and efficient strategy for the preparation of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and N-formylation of primary amine derivatives. O-phenylenediamine reacted with benzaldehyde in ethanol in the presence of commercially available molybdenum trioxide (25 mg) as the catalyst, and the mixture was stirred at 50 °C for approximately 1 h. The resulting 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives (10 compounds) were obtained as solids in yields of 85–94%, and the N-formylation of primary amine derivatives (13 compounds), synthesized from aniline and formic acid, was carried out using DMSO as a solvent. Molybdenum trioxide (25 mg) was used as a catalyst and stirred at 120 °C for approximately 1 h. The resulting formamide derivatives were obtained in yields ranging from 86% to 92%. The molecular structures of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-1 H-benzo[d]imidazole (3c) and N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)formamide (6f) were approved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and corresponding packing diagrams. The catalyst was separated from the reaction by centrifugation and reused for up to six successive cycles without a notable loss of catalytic efficiency. This catalytic system offers numerous advantages, including cost-effectiveness, operational simplicity, broad substrate compatibility, excellent product yields, and straightforward work-up procedures.

Graphical Abstract