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<p>The paradigm shift toward sustainable synthesis procedures has significantly intensified the demand of heterogeneous catalysts. In light of this, the present work demonstrates synthesis of a novel catalyst, silicotungstic acid supported sugarcane bagasse. The acidic properties of catalyst were evaluated by potentiometric titration and NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, while its physicochemical and structural characteristics were determined using various analytical techniques such as EDS, FTIR, UV-Vis-NIR, TGA, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption isotherms, XRD and SEM. The catalytic activity was assessed in esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol and n-butanol to synthesize alkyl levulinates, a prominent bio-fuel additives as well as platform chemicals. Further, the detailed optimization of key reaction parameters affords 99% selectivity of alkyl levulinates, with levulinic acid conversions of 88% (ethyl levulinate) and 97% (butyl levulinate). The kinetic studies support fulfilment of true chemical pathway with activation energies of 67&#xa0;kJ/mol (ethyl levulinate) and 52&#xa0;kJ/mol (butyl levulinate). The assessment of scale up trails, environmental sustainability and substrate scope highlights the industrial relevance of proposed catalytic system. The regenerated catalyst validates sustained activity upto five consecutive cycles. Finally, the performance of present system was compared with reported systems to demonstrate enhance activity at relatively mild reaction conditions.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Keggin Silicotungstic Acid Supported on Sugarcane Bagasse for Synthesis of Ethyl and Butyl Levulinates: A Scalable, Recyclable and Kinetically Favourable Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Rageshri Dave,
  • Anjali Patel

摘要

The paradigm shift toward sustainable synthesis procedures has significantly intensified the demand of heterogeneous catalysts. In light of this, the present work demonstrates synthesis of a novel catalyst, silicotungstic acid supported sugarcane bagasse. The acidic properties of catalyst were evaluated by potentiometric titration and NH3-TPD, while its physicochemical and structural characteristics were determined using various analytical techniques such as EDS, FTIR, UV-Vis-NIR, TGA, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, XRD and SEM. The catalytic activity was assessed in esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol and n-butanol to synthesize alkyl levulinates, a prominent bio-fuel additives as well as platform chemicals. Further, the detailed optimization of key reaction parameters affords 99% selectivity of alkyl levulinates, with levulinic acid conversions of 88% (ethyl levulinate) and 97% (butyl levulinate). The kinetic studies support fulfilment of true chemical pathway with activation energies of 67 kJ/mol (ethyl levulinate) and 52 kJ/mol (butyl levulinate). The assessment of scale up trails, environmental sustainability and substrate scope highlights the industrial relevance of proposed catalytic system. The regenerated catalyst validates sustained activity upto five consecutive cycles. Finally, the performance of present system was compared with reported systems to demonstrate enhance activity at relatively mild reaction conditions.

Graphical Abstract