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<p>In this study, catalytic cracking of Fischer–Tropsch wax was carried out in a batch reactor system on two different zeolite catalysts: ZSM-5 and β-zeolite, to evaluate their performance and reusability. After each run, the liquid products were separated into naphtha and middle distillate fractions, and various properties such as product yields, composition, cold flow properties, distillation characteristics and cetane index were determined. Results showed that β-zeolite maintained higher catalytic activity and stability than the other zeolite. ZSM-5 began to deactivate after the fourth reuse, leading to incomplete conversion and a selectivity shift toward heavier hydrocarbons, as well as higher naphtha distillation temperatures. Catalyst reuse caused the cold flow properties of middle distillates to deteriorate, while the cetane index increased due to molecular changes. In contrast, β-zeolite achieved full conversion even after multiple reuses, with minimal variation in product structure or distillation behavior. Pour point of middle distillate remained below − 15&#xa0;°C throughout. After regeneration by calcination, β-zeolite maintained stable performance for up to three additional cycles. Regression models were fitted to the measurement data, using polynomic regression, and artificial neural networks. The resulting models can be used to accurately predict the important factors for different catalytic cycles.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Investigation of the Reusability of ZSM-5 and β-Zeolite Catalysts in the Thermo-catalytic Cracking of Fischer–Tropsch Wax

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Dominik Horváth,
  • Szabina Tomasek,
  • Tatjána Juzsakova,
  • Attila Egedy,
  • Ágnes Bárkányi,
  • Norbert Miskolczi

摘要

In this study, catalytic cracking of Fischer–Tropsch wax was carried out in a batch reactor system on two different zeolite catalysts: ZSM-5 and β-zeolite, to evaluate their performance and reusability. After each run, the liquid products were separated into naphtha and middle distillate fractions, and various properties such as product yields, composition, cold flow properties, distillation characteristics and cetane index were determined. Results showed that β-zeolite maintained higher catalytic activity and stability than the other zeolite. ZSM-5 began to deactivate after the fourth reuse, leading to incomplete conversion and a selectivity shift toward heavier hydrocarbons, as well as higher naphtha distillation temperatures. Catalyst reuse caused the cold flow properties of middle distillates to deteriorate, while the cetane index increased due to molecular changes. In contrast, β-zeolite achieved full conversion even after multiple reuses, with minimal variation in product structure or distillation behavior. Pour point of middle distillate remained below − 15 °C throughout. After regeneration by calcination, β-zeolite maintained stable performance for up to three additional cycles. Regression models were fitted to the measurement data, using polynomic regression, and artificial neural networks. The resulting models can be used to accurately predict the important factors for different catalytic cycles.

Graphical Abstract