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<p>The development of eco-friendly synthetic pathways for asymmetric organic carbonates such as butyl methyl carbonate (BMC) is essential for advancing sustainable chemistry. Traditional BMC production often relies on toxic precursors and energy-intensive methods. This study presents the rational design of La-doped CeO<sub>2</sub> nanorod catalysts (Ce<sub>1</sub>La<sub>x</sub>, x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5) synthesized via a hydrothermal method for the transesterification of bio-based n-butanol (BuOH) with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Systematic characterization including XRD, Raman, FTIR, HRTEM, NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, and CO<sub>2</sub>-TPD revealed that incorporating La<sup>3+</sup> into the CeO<sub>2</sub> lattice increased the concentration of surface oxygen vacancies and acid-base sites, both critical for activating reactants. The Ce<sub>1</sub>La<sub>0.2</sub> catalyst exhibited superior performance, achieving 95.5% BuOH conversion and 94.3% BMC selectivity under mild conditions (363&#xa0;K, 2&#xa0;h), outperforming most reported catalysts. This high activity was attributed to an appropriate concentration of oxygen vacancies and acid-base sites, which promoted the simultaneous activation and conversion of DMC and BuOH. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrated excellent recyclability and minimal leaching, confirming its stability and heterogeneous nature. This work provides an efficient, sustainable strategy for BMC synthesis and highlights the importance of defect engineering in rare-earth-doped metal oxides for producing value-added chemicals through green catalysis.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Efficient and Recyclable La-Doped CeO₂ Nanorods Catalysts for the Green Synthesis of Butyl Methyl Carbonate from Bio-derived n-Butanol

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Donghao Jin,
  • Xuejiao Wei,
  • Guocheng Deng,
  • Shun Huang,
  • Yupeng Gao,
  • Yinwen Gu,
  • Jie Xu,
  • Fei Wang,
  • Bing Xue

摘要

The development of eco-friendly synthetic pathways for asymmetric organic carbonates such as butyl methyl carbonate (BMC) is essential for advancing sustainable chemistry. Traditional BMC production often relies on toxic precursors and energy-intensive methods. This study presents the rational design of La-doped CeO2 nanorod catalysts (Ce1Lax, x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5) synthesized via a hydrothermal method for the transesterification of bio-based n-butanol (BuOH) with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Systematic characterization including XRD, Raman, FTIR, HRTEM, NH3-TPD, and CO2-TPD revealed that incorporating La3+ into the CeO2 lattice increased the concentration of surface oxygen vacancies and acid-base sites, both critical for activating reactants. The Ce1La0.2 catalyst exhibited superior performance, achieving 95.5% BuOH conversion and 94.3% BMC selectivity under mild conditions (363 K, 2 h), outperforming most reported catalysts. This high activity was attributed to an appropriate concentration of oxygen vacancies and acid-base sites, which promoted the simultaneous activation and conversion of DMC and BuOH. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrated excellent recyclability and minimal leaching, confirming its stability and heterogeneous nature. This work provides an efficient, sustainable strategy for BMC synthesis and highlights the importance of defect engineering in rare-earth-doped metal oxides for producing value-added chemicals through green catalysis.

Graphical Abstract