<p>The doping of Ru and Fe into β-MnO<sub>2</sub> improves the conductivity which aids in better electrocatalytic OER performance. Synergetic effect of Ru/Fe on β-MnO<sub>2</sub> framework is highly beneficial to balance the stabilizing structures. For OER in alkaline media, we have therefore synthesized β-MnO<sub>2</sub> and doped Ru@β-MnO<sub>2</sub>, Fe@β-MnO<sub>2</sub>, and dual doped Ru-Fe@β-MnO<sub>2</sub>. The OER overpotentials were 550 mV, 310 mV, 290 mV, and 260 mV at a current density of 10&#xa0;mA cm<sup>− 2</sup>, while the Tafel slope values in 1&#xa0;M KOH were 126 mV dec<sup>− 1</sup>, 107 mV dec<sup>− 1</sup>, 100 mV dec<sup>− 1</sup>, and 86 mV dec<sup>− 1</sup>, respectively. When Fe@β-MnO<sub>2</sub> and Ru@β-MnO<sub>2</sub> are co-doped, the XPS shows that the binding energy shifts to a lower value, confirming the partial reduction of Mn<sup>4+</sup> to Mn<sup>3+</sup>. However, when Ru-Fe@β-MnO<sub>2</sub> is co-doped, the Mn 2p peaks return to higher binding energies, like the β-MnO<sub>2</sub>. The observed shifts in binding energies implies a dynamic equilibrium in the MnO<sub>2</sub> lattice leads to electron donation. The Co-doping introduce additional electrons into the MnO<sub>2</sub> lattice, reducing Mn<sup>4+</sup> to Mn<sup>3+</sup>. This interplay suggests a self-regulating mechanism where the Mn oxidation state adjusts in response to the electronic effects of the dopants, maintaining the structural and electronic integrity of the MnO<sub>2</sub> lattice. Further, this co-doped Ru-Fe@β-MnO<sub>2</sub> nanoarrays demonstrated good long-term stability for 15&#xa0;h, with no distinct changes observed in its chemical conditions.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Self-regulating Electron Redistribution, by Ru and Fe Towards Optimal Electronic Structure of β-MnO2 for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Medium

  • B. N. Divya,
  • P. Shiva Kumar,
  • H. M. Veereshappa,
  • S. Mahima,
  • K. S. Manjunatha Kumara,
  • Srinivasa Budagumpi,
  • D. H. Nagaraju

摘要

The doping of Ru and Fe into β-MnO2 improves the conductivity which aids in better electrocatalytic OER performance. Synergetic effect of Ru/Fe on β-MnO2 framework is highly beneficial to balance the stabilizing structures. For OER in alkaline media, we have therefore synthesized β-MnO2 and doped Ru@β-MnO2, Fe@β-MnO2, and dual doped Ru-Fe@β-MnO2. The OER overpotentials were 550 mV, 310 mV, 290 mV, and 260 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm− 2, while the Tafel slope values in 1 M KOH were 126 mV dec− 1, 107 mV dec− 1, 100 mV dec− 1, and 86 mV dec− 1, respectively. When Fe@β-MnO2 and Ru@β-MnO2 are co-doped, the XPS shows that the binding energy shifts to a lower value, confirming the partial reduction of Mn4+ to Mn3+. However, when Ru-Fe@β-MnO2 is co-doped, the Mn 2p peaks return to higher binding energies, like the β-MnO2. The observed shifts in binding energies implies a dynamic equilibrium in the MnO2 lattice leads to electron donation. The Co-doping introduce additional electrons into the MnO2 lattice, reducing Mn4+ to Mn3+. This interplay suggests a self-regulating mechanism where the Mn oxidation state adjusts in response to the electronic effects of the dopants, maintaining the structural and electronic integrity of the MnO2 lattice. Further, this co-doped Ru-Fe@β-MnO2 nanoarrays demonstrated good long-term stability for 15 h, with no distinct changes observed in its chemical conditions.

Graphical Abstract