<p>In this study, the deactivation behavior of three granular catalysts—Co/Ag, Co/Ag-B, and Co/Ag-Zn—was investigated in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis process. Silver was introduced as a primary promoter to enhance cobalt reducibility and facilitate hydrogen spillover. Characterization results from XRD, TPR, FESEM, and EDS analyses revealed that Ag incorporation led to a moderate reduction in cobalt oxide reduction temperature and improved reduction behavior compared to undoped catalysts. However, the promotion effect of Ag alone was limited. The presence of boron significantly improved cobalt dispersion, decreased crystallite size, and reduced the rate of deactivation. In contrast, the addition of Zn resulted in the formation of more stable oxide phases and more difficult reducibility, leading to a noticeable decline in catalytic activity. The Co/Ag-B catalyst, benefiting from the synergistic effect of Ag and B, exhibited the highest structural stability and the lowest deactivation rate. These findings highlight the critical role of rational promoter design in developing next-generation stable cobalt-based catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Dual Promotion Strategy for Cobalt-Based Fischer–Tropsch Catalysts: Hydrogen Spillover and Structural Stabilization by Ag and B

  • Halime Kord-Tamandani,
  • Younes Ghalandarzehi,
  • Ali Akbar Mirzaei

摘要

In this study, the deactivation behavior of three granular catalysts—Co/Ag, Co/Ag-B, and Co/Ag-Zn—was investigated in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis process. Silver was introduced as a primary promoter to enhance cobalt reducibility and facilitate hydrogen spillover. Characterization results from XRD, TPR, FESEM, and EDS analyses revealed that Ag incorporation led to a moderate reduction in cobalt oxide reduction temperature and improved reduction behavior compared to undoped catalysts. However, the promotion effect of Ag alone was limited. The presence of boron significantly improved cobalt dispersion, decreased crystallite size, and reduced the rate of deactivation. In contrast, the addition of Zn resulted in the formation of more stable oxide phases and more difficult reducibility, leading to a noticeable decline in catalytic activity. The Co/Ag-B catalyst, benefiting from the synergistic effect of Ag and B, exhibited the highest structural stability and the lowest deactivation rate. These findings highlight the critical role of rational promoter design in developing next-generation stable cobalt-based catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.

Graphical Abstract