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<p>An excessive usage of pesticide in the field of agriculture has adversely affected the ecological system. The presence of solid residues of harmful pesticides in water and soil directly or indirectly participated in the food chain. In addition, the presence of spermine concentration has increased in blood and urine of cancerous patient, hence it considered as biomarker. In the present study, GCN@LaFeO<sub>3</sub> synthesized by SCS method for removal of pesticides and spermine detection was done. The obtained band gap values were revealed to be 1.4 and 2.8&#xa0;eV for LaFeO<sub>3</sub> and GCN@LaFeO<sub>3</sub> respectively. The crystallite size of LaFeO<sub>3</sub> was obtained as 18.69&#xa0;nm with orthorhombic and sheet like morphology whereas GCN@LaFeO<sub>3</sub> exhibited the crystallite size of 19.48&#xa0;nm with orthorhombic structure and sheet like morphology successfully. GCN@LaFeO<sub>3</sub> has shown maximum adsorption efficiency of 99.19 and 99.44% for the removal of pesticides. Also the equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption studies of pesticides over GCN@LaFeO<sub>3</sub> were effectively validated. In this study, the remarkable removal efficiency of pesticides by GCN@LaFeO<sub>3</sub> at the favourable conditions of alkaline medium (pH &gt; 7.0) at concentration of 20 ppm with the catalytic dosage of 10&#xa0;mg was optimized. In addition, an electrochemical detection of spermine was successfully carried out in the concentration range of 1 to 10 ng/µL with Low Detection Limit (LOD) of about 6.1 × 10<sup>− 3</sup> ng/µL. Significantly, results explained the successful fabrication of GCN@LaFeO<sub>3</sub> NCs have acted for the elimination of pesticides and detection of spermine.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Dual Functionalized GCN@LaFeO3 as Electrochemical Sensor for Active Detection of Spermine and Powerful Pesticide Adsorbent: Adsorption Isotherms, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • S. Nandhabala,
  • K. Kadirvelu,
  • K. Preethi,
  • J. Hemalatha,
  • C. Senthamil,
  • I. Prabha

摘要

An excessive usage of pesticide in the field of agriculture has adversely affected the ecological system. The presence of solid residues of harmful pesticides in water and soil directly or indirectly participated in the food chain. In addition, the presence of spermine concentration has increased in blood and urine of cancerous patient, hence it considered as biomarker. In the present study, GCN@LaFeO3 synthesized by SCS method for removal of pesticides and spermine detection was done. The obtained band gap values were revealed to be 1.4 and 2.8 eV for LaFeO3 and GCN@LaFeO3 respectively. The crystallite size of LaFeO3 was obtained as 18.69 nm with orthorhombic and sheet like morphology whereas GCN@LaFeO3 exhibited the crystallite size of 19.48 nm with orthorhombic structure and sheet like morphology successfully. GCN@LaFeO3 has shown maximum adsorption efficiency of 99.19 and 99.44% for the removal of pesticides. Also the equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption studies of pesticides over GCN@LaFeO3 were effectively validated. In this study, the remarkable removal efficiency of pesticides by GCN@LaFeO3 at the favourable conditions of alkaline medium (pH > 7.0) at concentration of 20 ppm with the catalytic dosage of 10 mg was optimized. In addition, an electrochemical detection of spermine was successfully carried out in the concentration range of 1 to 10 ng/µL with Low Detection Limit (LOD) of about 6.1 × 10− 3 ng/µL. Significantly, results explained the successful fabrication of GCN@LaFeO3 NCs have acted for the elimination of pesticides and detection of spermine.

Graphical Abstract