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<p>In this study, we developed a series of choline-based amino acid ionic liquids ([Cho][AA]-ILs) using three alkaline amino acids and choline as environmentally friendly catalysts for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate through transesterification of propylene carbonate with methanol. Through systematic screening, choline arginine ([Cho][Arg]) demonstrated superior catalytic performance and was selected for further optimization. A response surface methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to systematically investigate the synergistic effects of key reaction parameters: catalyst concentration (3.6 wt%), reaction time (2.3&#xa0;h), and temperature (79.4&#xa0;°C) at a methanol to propylene carbonate molar ratio of 12:1. Under these optimized conditions, the system achieved 71.2% propylene carbonate conversion efficiency under atmospheric reflux. Notably, the catalyst exhibited remarkable recyclability, maintaining approximately 40% conversion efficiency after 12 reaction cycles. Experiments and characterizations revealed that the decomposition of guanidine groups on the arginine side chain caused by high temperature was the main reason for the deactivation of the catalyst. The [Cho][Arg] catalyst distinguishes itself through its facile single-step synthesis, low environmental toxicity, and cost-effective raw materials, demonstrating significant potential for sustainable industrial applications in carbonate ester production.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate by Transesterification of Methanol with Propylene Carbonate Catalyzed by Choline-Based Amino Acid Ionic Liquids

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月21日

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  • Hao Liu,
  • Shiyu Liu,
  • Weihua Shen,
  • Yunjin Fang

摘要

In this study, we developed a series of choline-based amino acid ionic liquids ([Cho][AA]-ILs) using three alkaline amino acids and choline as environmentally friendly catalysts for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate through transesterification of propylene carbonate with methanol. Through systematic screening, choline arginine ([Cho][Arg]) demonstrated superior catalytic performance and was selected for further optimization. A response surface methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to systematically investigate the synergistic effects of key reaction parameters: catalyst concentration (3.6 wt%), reaction time (2.3 h), and temperature (79.4 °C) at a methanol to propylene carbonate molar ratio of 12:1. Under these optimized conditions, the system achieved 71.2% propylene carbonate conversion efficiency under atmospheric reflux. Notably, the catalyst exhibited remarkable recyclability, maintaining approximately 40% conversion efficiency after 12 reaction cycles. Experiments and characterizations revealed that the decomposition of guanidine groups on the arginine side chain caused by high temperature was the main reason for the deactivation of the catalyst. The [Cho][Arg] catalyst distinguishes itself through its facile single-step synthesis, low environmental toxicity, and cost-effective raw materials, demonstrating significant potential for sustainable industrial applications in carbonate ester production.

Graphical Abstract