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<p>In this study, a three-dimensional WO<sub>3</sub>/BiVO<sub>4</sub> heterojunction was synthesized via layer-by-layer spin-coating and blow-drying, followed by heat treatment in a hydrogen-argon atmosphere to produce the WO<sub>3</sub>/H-BiVO<sub>4</sub> photoanode. The introduction of oxygen vacancies improved electron-hole separation efficiency, thereby enabling efficient water-splitting. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that WO<sub>3</sub>/H-BiVO<sub>4</sub> exhibited a lower reflectance infrared (RIR) value, signifying a higher concentration of surface oxygen vacancies compared to WO<sub>3</sub>/BiVO<sub>4</sub>. Photoelectrochemical measurements at 1.23&#xa0;V vs. RHE demonstrated that WO<sub>3</sub>/BiVO<sub>4</sub> achieved photocurrent densities and carrier densities 5-fold and 1.3-fold greater, respectively, than WO<sub>3</sub>. Notably, WO<sub>3</sub>/H-BiVO<sub>4</sub> exhibited further enhancements, with photocurrent densities and carrier densities 1.4-fold and 2.4-fold higher, respectively, than WO<sub>3</sub>/BiVO<sub>4</sub>. These findings underscore the critical role of heterojunction construction in boosting photocatalytic activity, while oxygen vacancy introduction further elevates photoelectric performance. Specifically, WO<sub>3</sub>/H-BiVO<sub>4</sub> achieved a peak photocurrent density of 6.5&#xa0;mA·cm<sup>− 2</sup> at 1.6&#xa0;V vs. RHE, attributed to its superior photogenerated charge separation and surface charge transfer efficiency. This study highlights that rationally expanding interfacial contact and optimizing oxygen vacancy concentrations are effective strategies for enhancing photocatalytic performance. These insights provide a valuable framework for the design and development of highly efficient photocatalysts for water-splitting applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Oxygen Vacancies Enhanced WO3/H-BiVO4 Photoanode with Conformal BiVO4-Layer for Promoting Photoelectrochemical Activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月26日

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  • Xianfeng Zhao,
  • Kangpeng Li,
  • Xinxin Shao,
  • Danyang Chen,
  • Xinpeng Ji,
  • Minghong Sun,
  • Huidan Lu,
  • Yongping Liu

摘要

In this study, a three-dimensional WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction was synthesized via layer-by-layer spin-coating and blow-drying, followed by heat treatment in a hydrogen-argon atmosphere to produce the WO3/H-BiVO4 photoanode. The introduction of oxygen vacancies improved electron-hole separation efficiency, thereby enabling efficient water-splitting. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that WO3/H-BiVO4 exhibited a lower reflectance infrared (RIR) value, signifying a higher concentration of surface oxygen vacancies compared to WO3/BiVO4. Photoelectrochemical measurements at 1.23 V vs. RHE demonstrated that WO3/BiVO4 achieved photocurrent densities and carrier densities 5-fold and 1.3-fold greater, respectively, than WO3. Notably, WO3/H-BiVO4 exhibited further enhancements, with photocurrent densities and carrier densities 1.4-fold and 2.4-fold higher, respectively, than WO3/BiVO4. These findings underscore the critical role of heterojunction construction in boosting photocatalytic activity, while oxygen vacancy introduction further elevates photoelectric performance. Specifically, WO3/H-BiVO4 achieved a peak photocurrent density of 6.5 mA·cm− 2 at 1.6 V vs. RHE, attributed to its superior photogenerated charge separation and surface charge transfer efficiency. This study highlights that rationally expanding interfacial contact and optimizing oxygen vacancy concentrations are effective strategies for enhancing photocatalytic performance. These insights provide a valuable framework for the design and development of highly efficient photocatalysts for water-splitting applications.

Graphical Abstract