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<p>Head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCC) are a clinically and biologically diverse group of malignancies with limited tools for real-time monitoring and early detection of recurrence. Liquid biopsy strategies—particularly the analysis of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA)—have emerged as promising, minimally invasive biomarkers to capture real-time tumour dynamics. This review explores cellular and molecular processes that facilitate the release and survival of CTCs and ctDNA in the circulation in HNSCC. We also address the clinical relevance of CTCs and ctDNA in the prognosis, treatment response, and detection of minimal residual disease in HNSCC. Although integrating liquid biopsies into clinical care is limited by lack of standardisation, biological variability, and workflow challenges, CTCs and ctDNA have great potential to revolutionise HNSCC patient care with real-time and tailored interventions.</p>

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Circulating tumour cells and circulating tumour DNA in head and neck cancer: from molecular insights to clinical impact

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • Sreedevi Damodaran,
  • Chameera Ekanayake Weeramange,
  • Lizbeth Kenny,
  • Sarju Vasani,
  • Brett G. M. Hughes,
  • Omar Breik,
  • Chamindie Punyadeera

摘要

Head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCC) are a clinically and biologically diverse group of malignancies with limited tools for real-time monitoring and early detection of recurrence. Liquid biopsy strategies—particularly the analysis of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA)—have emerged as promising, minimally invasive biomarkers to capture real-time tumour dynamics. This review explores cellular and molecular processes that facilitate the release and survival of CTCs and ctDNA in the circulation in HNSCC. We also address the clinical relevance of CTCs and ctDNA in the prognosis, treatment response, and detection of minimal residual disease in HNSCC. Although integrating liquid biopsies into clinical care is limited by lack of standardisation, biological variability, and workflow challenges, CTCs and ctDNA have great potential to revolutionise HNSCC patient care with real-time and tailored interventions.