<p>China’s deep coal rock gas resources are abundant, but its efficient development faces challenges such as low permeability of reservoirs, huge water consumption and environmental pressure. To address the above problems, this paper discusses the technical path of replacing traditional hydraulic fracturing with CO₂ as fracturing medium. Through indoor physical simulation experiments, the three core mechanisms of CO₂ fracturing are systematically investigated: supercritical CO₂ and CO₂ foam fracturing can form a complex network of seams, which is significantly more complex than that of conventional hydraulic fracturing; CO₂ has a significant competitive adsorption and displacement effect on CH₄, which can effectively improve the methane recovery rate; and the solvation effect of CO₂ on the matrix of the coal can enlarge pores and improve seepage channels. On this basis, a set of high-performance CO₂ foam fracturing fluid system was developed, which has stable temperature and shear resistance, and good foaming, stabilizing and sand-carrying capacity. 25 wells field tests show that compared with conventional hydraulic fracturing, CO₂ pre-fracturing and CO₂ foam fracturing can achieve about 15% and 18% yield enhancement, respectively, and save more than 50% water, and at the same time, achieve partial CO₂ fracturing. geological storage of CO₂. This study provides an important theoretical basis and technical support for water reduction, efficiency development and carbon emission reduction of deep-seated coal rock gas.</p>