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<p>This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the microscopic acid-etching characteristics and dissolution mechanisms in complex-lithology carbonate rocks, employing petrographic thin sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and CT scanning. Dynamic dissolution experiments with 15% hydrochloric acid reveal that acid-etching behavior is significantly governed by the synergy between mineral composition and pore structure: calcite exhibits notably higher dissolution reactivity than dolomite, pyrite, and quartz, driving preferential dissolution at calcite-rich interfaces. Limestone demonstrates uniform surface dissolution, whereas dolomite develops abundant dissolution pores (1–8 μm) and microfractures, with significantly enhanced pore connectivity. NMR and CT scan results indicate that high-permeability rocks (≥4 mD) facilitate deeper acid penetration, forming a penetrating wormhole network with a porosity increase of up to 611% – substantially higher than the 542% observed in low-permeability samples. The dissolution process follows a two-stage evolution model: “mineral heterogeneity drives surface non-uniform dissolution, and pore connectivity promotes the formation of internal wormholes”. These findings provide critical mechanistic insights for optimizing acidization processes and enhancing seepage capacity in complex carbonate reservoirs.</p>

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Comprehensive Analysis of the Microscopic Acid-Etching Characteristics and Dissolution Mechanisms in Complex-Lithology Carbonate Rocks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • Weixu Wang,
  • Yucheng Jia,
  • Xiaojin Zhou,
  • Tingting He,
  • Wenting Guan,
  • Xu Liu

摘要

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the microscopic acid-etching characteristics and dissolution mechanisms in complex-lithology carbonate rocks, employing petrographic thin sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and CT scanning. Dynamic dissolution experiments with 15% hydrochloric acid reveal that acid-etching behavior is significantly governed by the synergy between mineral composition and pore structure: calcite exhibits notably higher dissolution reactivity than dolomite, pyrite, and quartz, driving preferential dissolution at calcite-rich interfaces. Limestone demonstrates uniform surface dissolution, whereas dolomite develops abundant dissolution pores (1–8 μm) and microfractures, with significantly enhanced pore connectivity. NMR and CT scan results indicate that high-permeability rocks (≥4 mD) facilitate deeper acid penetration, forming a penetrating wormhole network with a porosity increase of up to 611% – substantially higher than the 542% observed in low-permeability samples. The dissolution process follows a two-stage evolution model: “mineral heterogeneity drives surface non-uniform dissolution, and pore connectivity promotes the formation of internal wormholes”. These findings provide critical mechanistic insights for optimizing acidization processes and enhancing seepage capacity in complex carbonate reservoirs.