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<p>A facile and eco-friendly method for encapsulating the organic phase change material <i>n</i>-decane using surfactant-free Pickering emulsions stabilized by carboxylated cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) is presented. In this method, CNF serves as both a stabilizer and a source of reactive groups, enabling direct shell crosslinking through covalent bonding between cellulose carboxyl groups and polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate (PAPI). Comprehensive characterization by electronic microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and leakage analysis confirmed effective shell formation and <i>n</i>-decane encapsulation, enhanced thermal stability, and effective retention of <i>n</i>-decane, with an apparent encapsulation efficiency of 58.5%. Thermal analysis revealed broadening and shifting of phase transition peaks attributable to spatial confinement and interfacial effects within the microcapsules. Leakage tests demonstrated strong retention of the PCM core with the crosslinked CNF shell effectively limiting heating-induced leakage. These results underline the potential of CNF-based surfactant-free Pickering emulsion polymerization as a promising approach for encapsulating short-chain paraffin PCMs in cold storage applications, with opportunities for further optimization toward enhanced encapsulation efficiency and capsule durability.</p>

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Facile n-Decane Encapsulation Through Surfactant-Free Pickering Emulsion Polymerization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • N. E. Zaytseva,
  • D. V. Voronin

摘要

A facile and eco-friendly method for encapsulating the organic phase change material n-decane using surfactant-free Pickering emulsions stabilized by carboxylated cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) is presented. In this method, CNF serves as both a stabilizer and a source of reactive groups, enabling direct shell crosslinking through covalent bonding between cellulose carboxyl groups and polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate (PAPI). Comprehensive characterization by electronic microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and leakage analysis confirmed effective shell formation and n-decane encapsulation, enhanced thermal stability, and effective retention of n-decane, with an apparent encapsulation efficiency of 58.5%. Thermal analysis revealed broadening and shifting of phase transition peaks attributable to spatial confinement and interfacial effects within the microcapsules. Leakage tests demonstrated strong retention of the PCM core with the crosslinked CNF shell effectively limiting heating-induced leakage. These results underline the potential of CNF-based surfactant-free Pickering emulsion polymerization as a promising approach for encapsulating short-chain paraffin PCMs in cold storage applications, with opportunities for further optimization toward enhanced encapsulation efficiency and capsule durability.