<p>Hydraulic fracturing is a key technology for improving the efficiency of oil and gas resource development. The effective control of fracture propagation direction directly affects reservoir stimulation and economic benefits. This study analyzes the influencing factors of rock fracture propagation direction during hydraulic fracturing, combining the state of in-situ stress, rock mechanical properties, and fracturing fluid characteristics. The research investigates the control mechanisms of fracture propagation direction from perspectives such as in-situ stress adjustment and optimization, fracturing fluid design optimization, fracturing parameter adjustment, and multi- fracture collaborative propagation control. The goal is to lay a foundation for ensuring high-quality hydraulic fracturing operations. The study shows that the difference in in-situ stress is the dominant factor in fracture propagation direction. Rock heterogeneity can cause fracture deflection and branching. The viscosity of the fracturing fluid and injection rate play a significant role in adjusting the fracture propagation dynamics and direction. By optimizing well placement to adjust in-situ stress distribution, optimizing fracturing fluid design and injection parameters, and applying collaborative induction methods in multi-cluster fracturing operations, the uniformity of the fracture network and the effectiveness of reservoir stimulation can be improved. This provides strong support for oil and gas resource development.</p>