Particle Migration and Blockage Characteristics of High Water Content Porous Sandstone Underground Gas Storage During the Injection and Production Processes
摘要
High water content porous sandstone underground gas storage often encounter the problem of pore throat blockage induced by particle migration, which significantly affects the injection and production capacities. To determine the characteristics and main controlling factors of particle migration blockage during the injection and production processes, a comprehensive study was conducted using particle migration visualization experiments and the coupled computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) method. Results reveal that blockages begin when the particle diameter exceeds 1/3 of the pore throat diameter and is significantly affected by the differential pressure. When the particle diameter exceeds 2/3 of the pore throat diameter, severe blockage occurs, and the differential pressure has little influence on this blockage phenomenon. Notably, when the particle diameter is less than 2/3 of the pore throat diameter, some blockages formed during the injection process are broken and re-formed in other pore throats during the production process, which impacts both the injection and production capacities. However, when the particle diameter exceeds 2/3 of the pore throat diameter, blockages formed during the injection process are not easily washed away during production, and new particles tend to accumulate and stack at the blocked locations, leading to a more significant decline in the production capacity. Additionally, in the initial stage of injection, blockages are mainly caused by single-particle obstructions. Over time, these blockages transition into multi-particle bridging and gradually accumulate to form a stable blockage region. During production, the direction and primary pathways of particle migration change, and new blockages rapidly appear in the form of multi-particle bridging. These findings are of great significance for understanding particle migration and blockage characteristics in high water content porous sandstone underground gas storage and for improving their injection and production capacities.