<p>Previous studies have revealed the paradoxical nature of unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) and have developed measures for investigating this phenomenon. However, it was not possible to ascertain whether the employees exhibited a low level of ethicality or a high degree of pro-organizational inclination when they made a UPB decision due to the limitations of the binary continuum. This study addresses the aforementioned gap by employing the process dissociation paradigm. The scenarios for process dissociation were carefully compiled and validated (Study 1), and the reliability and validity of the new approach were tested (Study 2). The application of the new approach to independently measure the ethical and organizational dimensions of UPB facilitated the clarification of some mainstream theoretical explanations for UPB (Study 3). The phenomenon of moral disengagement, moral justification, and moral decoupling among employees engaged in UPB is associated with a reduced ethical inclination and an enhanced pro-organizational inclination. Conversely, social exchange and organizational identification of employees involved in UPB are linked to a minorly diminished pro-organizational inclination and enhanced ethical inclination. The new measure offers a resolution to numerous theoretical controversies on UPB and is recommended for future studies. It also provided a useful tool for targeted ethical interventions and training management.</p>