Performance of a novel spectroscopy-based tool for adjuvant therapy decision-making in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: a validation study

Digistain Index (DI), measured using an inexpensive mid-infrared spectrometer, reflects the level of aneuploidy in unstained tissue sections and correlates with tumor grade. We investigated whether incorporating DI with other clinicopathological variables could predict outcomes in patients with early breast cancer.

DI was calculated in 801 patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative primary breast cancer and ≤ 3 positive lymph nodes. All patients were treated with systemic endocrine therapy and no chemotherapy. Multivariable proportional hazards modeling was used to incorporate DI with clinicopathological variables to generate the Digistain Prognostic Score (DPS). DPS was assessed for prediction of 5- and 10-year outcomes (recurrence, recurrence-free survival [RFS] and overall survival [OS]) using receiver operating characteristics and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Kaplan–Meier analysis evaluated the ability of DPS to stratify risk.

DPS was consistently highly accurate and had negative predictive values for all three outcomes, ranging from 0.96 to 0.99 at 5 years and 0.84 to 0.95 at 10 years. DPS demonstrated statistically significant prognostic ability with significant hazard ratios (95% CI) for low- versus high-risk classification for RFS, recurrence and OS (1.80 [CI 1.31–2.48], 1.83 [1.32–2.52] and 1.77 [1.28–2.43], respectively; all P < 0.001).

DPS showed high accuracy and predictive performance, was able to stratify patients into low or high-risk, and considering its cost and rapidity, has the potential to offer clinical utility.