<p>α-band-mediated brain network communication underlies visual processing and is disrupted in visual deficits. We aimed to develop and evaluate an EEG-based neurofeedback targeting α-band connectivity of source-reconstructed visual areas with the rest of the brain, to determine whether modulating this network enhances detection of low-contrast visual stimuli. In this randomized, active-controlled study, 28 participants received real-time auditory neurofeedback designed to increase global α-band connectivity between target regions and the rest of the brain. Feedback targeted interactions with the visual cortex (V1–V3) in the active group and with the frontal cortex in the control group. Each participant completed two neurofeedback sessions on separate days. Resting-state connectivity, visual, and attentional performance were assessed on the days preceding and following training. 50% of participants in the active group successfully increased α-band connectivity of the targeted visual cortex, whereas connectivity decreased in the control and non-responder groups. Improvements in stimulus detection were observed primarily in male participants and appeared to be influenced by additional factors, including baseline performance levels. Even brief network-based neurofeedback interventions can enhance α-band connectivity of visual areas.</p>