<p>The atmospheric response to the solar eclipse of 8 April 2024 in North America is investigated with a specific focus on the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). We leverage measurements collected during the Third Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP3), including Doppler lidars, sonic anemometers, and thermodynamic profiler data to investigate the atmospheric response across sites that experienced partial eclipse conditions with nearly 90% obscuration. Using these measurements, we examine eclipse-induced changes in key meteorological parameters, such as temperature, wind speed, and turbulent fluxes. Most previous eclipse studies have been conducted over land, whereas this study provides new observations for both coastal and marine environments, offering additional insight into eclipse-driven variability in the MABL. The findings confirm a notable decrease in downwelling shortwave radiation during the eclipse, which results in rapid cooling of surface air. The temperature reduction ranges from <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$1.2^\circ \text {C}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>.</mo> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mtext>C</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$1.4^\circ \text {C}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>.</mo> <msup> <mn>4</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mtext>C</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in coastal regions and from <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$0.3^\circ \text {C}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <msup> <mn>3</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mtext>C</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$0.5^\circ \text {C}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <msup> <mn>5</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> <mtext>C</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> over the ocean. This analysis suggests that the MABL’s higher thermal inertia compared to coastal regions moderates the temperature decrease during the eclipse. Wind speed exhibits a more complex behavior, as it is influenced by both the MABL and preexisting synoptic conditions. Although a reduction in wind speed is observable up to approximately 140 m above ground level (AGL) at more inland sites, at other locations closer to the coast, this reduction is constrained to the lowest 100 m AGL. Turbulence parameters retrieved from sonic anemometers, such as turbulence kinetic energy, turbulent heat flux, and friction velocity, decrease during the eclipse at coastal sites, accompanied by a brief transition of atmospheric stability from unstable to neutral or weakly stable conditions. For the open-ocean sites, the variability in turbulence statistics and atmospheric stability is minimal during the occurrence of the eclipse.</p>

Observations of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer’s Response to a Solar Eclipse

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2026年5月2日

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Mojtaba Shams Solari,
Sayahnya Roy,
Coleman Moss,
Giacomo Valerio lungo,
Julie K. Lundquist,
Bianca Adler,
Laura Bianco,
Nicola Bodini,
Eve Cinquino,
J. Thomas Farrar,
Anthony Kirincich,
Raghavendra Krishnamurthy,
Stefano Letizia,
Timothy Myers,
Paytsar Muradyan,
Mikhail Pekour,
Joseph Sedlar,
Logan Soldo,
James Wilczak,
Seth F. Zippel

摘要

The atmospheric response to the solar eclipse of 8 April 2024 in North America is investigated with a specific focus on the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). We leverage measurements collected during the Third Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP3), including Doppler lidars, sonic anemometers, and thermodynamic profiler data to investigate the atmospheric response across sites that experienced partial eclipse conditions with nearly 90% obscuration. Using these measurements, we examine eclipse-induced changes in key meteorological parameters, such as temperature, wind speed, and turbulent fluxes. Most previous eclipse studies have been conducted over land, whereas this study provides new observations for both coastal and marine environments, offering additional insight into eclipse-driven variability in the MABL. The findings confirm a notable decrease in downwelling shortwave radiation during the eclipse, which results in rapid cooling of surface air. The temperature reduction ranges from $1.2^\circ \text {C}$ $1 . 2^{\circ} C$ to $1.4^\circ \text {C}$ $1 . 4^{\circ} C$ in coastal regions and from $0.3^\circ \text {C}$ $0 . 3^{\circ} C$ to $0.5^\circ \text {C}$ $0 . 5^{\circ} C$ over the ocean. This analysis suggests that the MABL’s higher thermal inertia compared to coastal regions moderates the temperature decrease during the eclipse. Wind speed exhibits a more complex behavior, as it is influenced by both the MABL and preexisting synoptic conditions. Although a reduction in wind speed is observable up to approximately 140 m above ground level (AGL) at more inland sites, at other locations closer to the coast, this reduction is constrained to the lowest 100 m AGL. Turbulence parameters retrieved from sonic anemometers, such as turbulence kinetic energy, turbulent heat flux, and friction velocity, decrease during the eclipse at coastal sites, accompanied by a brief transition of atmospheric stability from unstable to neutral or weakly stable conditions. For the open-ocean sites, the variability in turbulence statistics and atmospheric stability is minimal during the occurrence of the eclipse.