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<p>Lead (Pb) contamination in soil significantly reduces crop productivity, presents considerable environmental and health hazards, and requires the development of effective remediation strategies. The use of biogas slurry derived from agricultural crop residues offers a promising approach to reduce Pb bioavailability in soil and alleviate its toxicity in maize seedlings, a topic that has not been extensively documented. Incorporating biogas slurry into soil immobilises Pb via adsorption. The biogas slurry reduced Pb uptake to plant aerial parts and ameliorated the emergence of maize seedlings by increasing germination rate. Consequently, Pb concentration in maize roots, shoots, and grains decreased by 68.17%, 55.17% and 62.10%, respectively. Furthermore, biogas slurry amendment markedly enhanced plant growth, stimulated antioxidant activity, and upregulated key non-enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., TPC, TFC, and DPPH. Moreover, organic addition ameliorated root architectural and functional traits like increased RL (99.01%), RPA (258.46%), and RSA (284.75%) more compared to the control. Conversely, it reduced BAC (15.57%) and BCF (35.75%). Analysis of organic osmolytes (TSP increased by 45.11%; TSS up to 51.04%) also elucidated that biogas slurry contribute to improved stress tolerance under Pb toxicity. These results offer new perspectives for sustainable agriculture by demonstrating that biogas slurry can decrease Pb mobility in the soil–plant system, thereby providing a potential solution to the ongoing issue of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils.</p>

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Application of biogas slurry abate Pb metal uptake and oxidative stress in maize (Zea mays L.) by modulating seedling emergence, antioxidant defense, and root structural–functional traits

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Hafeez ur Rehman,
  • Athar Mahmood,
  • Muhammad Shahbaz,
  • Zubair Aslam

摘要

Lead (Pb) contamination in soil significantly reduces crop productivity, presents considerable environmental and health hazards, and requires the development of effective remediation strategies. The use of biogas slurry derived from agricultural crop residues offers a promising approach to reduce Pb bioavailability in soil and alleviate its toxicity in maize seedlings, a topic that has not been extensively documented. Incorporating biogas slurry into soil immobilises Pb via adsorption. The biogas slurry reduced Pb uptake to plant aerial parts and ameliorated the emergence of maize seedlings by increasing germination rate. Consequently, Pb concentration in maize roots, shoots, and grains decreased by 68.17%, 55.17% and 62.10%, respectively. Furthermore, biogas slurry amendment markedly enhanced plant growth, stimulated antioxidant activity, and upregulated key non-enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., TPC, TFC, and DPPH. Moreover, organic addition ameliorated root architectural and functional traits like increased RL (99.01%), RPA (258.46%), and RSA (284.75%) more compared to the control. Conversely, it reduced BAC (15.57%) and BCF (35.75%). Analysis of organic osmolytes (TSP increased by 45.11%; TSS up to 51.04%) also elucidated that biogas slurry contribute to improved stress tolerance under Pb toxicity. These results offer new perspectives for sustainable agriculture by demonstrating that biogas slurry can decrease Pb mobility in the soil–plant system, thereby providing a potential solution to the ongoing issue of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils.