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<p>Understanding how soil organic matter (SOM) fractions, such as mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) and particulate organic matter (POM), respond to nutrient management practices is essential for improving soil health and advancing sustainability in agroecosystems. In particular, there is a need for strategies that sustain and enhance soil fertility while simultaneously reducing nitrogen (N) losses and greenhouse gas emissions. Co-applying compost and fertilizer has the potential to improve soil health by building SOM and increasing fertilizer N retention in the soil, which can be especially beneficial for low nutrient-demanding crops like olives. In a two-year field study conducted in a super-high-density olive orchard, we investigated the effects of compost application and N fertilization rate on SOM fractions down to 90-cm depth and on nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions. Using <sup>15</sup>N-labeled fertilizer, we traced fertilizer N in the soil over time. Compost application increased the concentration of carbon (C) and N in topsoil, including in MAOM and POM, with the largest effects occurring in the first year. We also observed greater concentrations of C and N within MAOM at deeper soil layers with compost, but compost did not increase the concentration of fertilizer N remaining in the soil over two years. Compost significantly reduced N₂O emissions, especially background emissions. These effects may have been mediated by increased soil C from compost application, particularly dissolved organic C, which may have driven SOM turnover, MAOM formation, and N<sub>2</sub>O reduction. Together, these results suggest that compost application can be an effective strategy for sustainable nutrient management and building soil health, particularly in low-input perennial tree crop systems.</p>

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Fertilizer 15N tracing reveals compost-induced changes to mineral-associated organic matter and soil nitrogen pools

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Andrew J. Curtright,
  • Savannah M. Haas,
  • Xia Zhu-Barker

摘要

Understanding how soil organic matter (SOM) fractions, such as mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) and particulate organic matter (POM), respond to nutrient management practices is essential for improving soil health and advancing sustainability in agroecosystems. In particular, there is a need for strategies that sustain and enhance soil fertility while simultaneously reducing nitrogen (N) losses and greenhouse gas emissions. Co-applying compost and fertilizer has the potential to improve soil health by building SOM and increasing fertilizer N retention in the soil, which can be especially beneficial for low nutrient-demanding crops like olives. In a two-year field study conducted in a super-high-density olive orchard, we investigated the effects of compost application and N fertilization rate on SOM fractions down to 90-cm depth and on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Using 15N-labeled fertilizer, we traced fertilizer N in the soil over time. Compost application increased the concentration of carbon (C) and N in topsoil, including in MAOM and POM, with the largest effects occurring in the first year. We also observed greater concentrations of C and N within MAOM at deeper soil layers with compost, but compost did not increase the concentration of fertilizer N remaining in the soil over two years. Compost significantly reduced N₂O emissions, especially background emissions. These effects may have been mediated by increased soil C from compost application, particularly dissolved organic C, which may have driven SOM turnover, MAOM formation, and N2O reduction. Together, these results suggest that compost application can be an effective strategy for sustainable nutrient management and building soil health, particularly in low-input perennial tree crop systems.