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<p>Oily refinery sludge is rich in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, salts, and metals, complicating disposal in coastal settings. Indigenous halotolerant bacteria (<i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Alcanivorax</i>) and fungi (<i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Penicillium</i>) were isolated from Skikda (RA1K, Algeria) sludge and evaluated as monocultures and mixed consortia in saline minimal medium (20&#xa0;g/L NaCl) containing 5% or 20% (v/v) crude oil. Over 28&#xa0;days, mixed consortia achieved the highest total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal (82 ± 3% at 5% oil and 65 ± 4% at 20% oil), exceeding the performance of the best monocultures. GC–MS analysis showed near-complete loss of low-molecular-weight n-alkanes (C<sub>7</sub>–C<sub>12</sub>) and partial removal of high-molecular-weight fractions (C<sub>25</sub>–C<sub>30</sub>); BTEX compounds decreased by 80–90% at 5% oil and light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by 40–65%. Elevated emulsification indices (EI<sub>24</sub> up to 55%) and strong biomass–TPH correlations (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.91) indicate biosurfactant-mediated mass transfer and interkingdom complementarity. Despite reduced efficiency at higher oil loading, indigenous consortia maintained substantial degradation under saline conditions, highlighting their promise for refinery sludge bioremediation in Mediterranean coastal environments.</p>

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Halotolerant indigenous bacterial–fungal consortia for biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons from Algerian refinery sludge: an integrated molecular and biodegradation approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Asma Mesbah,
  • Nadjla Chaib,
  • Zine Eddine Boudjellab,
  • Maya Ghannam,
  • Fayçal Djazi

摘要

Oily refinery sludge is rich in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, salts, and metals, complicating disposal in coastal settings. Indigenous halotolerant bacteria (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Alcanivorax) and fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium) were isolated from Skikda (RA1K, Algeria) sludge and evaluated as monocultures and mixed consortia in saline minimal medium (20 g/L NaCl) containing 5% or 20% (v/v) crude oil. Over 28 days, mixed consortia achieved the highest total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal (82 ± 3% at 5% oil and 65 ± 4% at 20% oil), exceeding the performance of the best monocultures. GC–MS analysis showed near-complete loss of low-molecular-weight n-alkanes (C7–C12) and partial removal of high-molecular-weight fractions (C25–C30); BTEX compounds decreased by 80–90% at 5% oil and light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by 40–65%. Elevated emulsification indices (EI24 up to 55%) and strong biomass–TPH correlations (R2 = 0.91) indicate biosurfactant-mediated mass transfer and interkingdom complementarity. Despite reduced efficiency at higher oil loading, indigenous consortia maintained substantial degradation under saline conditions, highlighting their promise for refinery sludge bioremediation in Mediterranean coastal environments.