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<p>Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) is a significant natural fibre employed as reinforcement in sustainable materials and, due to its considerable biomass, wide root system, and resilience to pollutants under harsh environments; it is an outstanding choice for the phytoremediation of multiple contaminants. This study aimed to assess hemp growth, gas exchange properties, antioxidant potential, and phytoremediation ability at varying concentrations of ciprofloxacin (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>) in a controlled glasshouse environment. The results indicate that hemp can tolerate Ciprofloxacin (CIP) concentrations up to 150&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup> without substantial reductions in biomass and growth parameters; however, higher CIP levels, namely 200&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>, lead to considerable drops in plant biomass and growth. The gas exchange properties and photosynthetic pigment levels of hemp leaves decreased as the CIP in the soil rose. Moreover, elevated CIP levels in soil induced lipid peroxidation via malondialdehyde level enhancement in hemp leaves. Elevated levels of CIP induced oxidative damage, antioxidants, including peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, function to neutralize ROS produced by oxidative stress. This study examined the CIP amounts in several plant elements such as fibres, stem core, leaves and roots at 4 different phases: 28-, 55-, 110- and 135-days post-sowing. The study’s findings reveal that, throughout the early growth stages, CIP predominantly accumulated in the subterranean regions of the crop, with limited translocation to the aerial areas. Conversely, at full maturity (135&#xa0;days post-sowing), it was shown that the majority of CIP was translocated to the plant’s above-ground structures, with no accumulation in subterranean areas. The results demonstrate a progressive increase in CIP absorption in relation to heightened CIP concentrations in soil, suggesting that hemp could function as an effective phytoremediation bioresource and agent in contaminated soils.</p>

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Physio-biochemical alterations and phytoremediation potential of hemp cultivated in ciprofloxacin (CIP)-contaminated soil: groundbreaking and enduring solution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Ghulam Murtaza,
  • Muhammad Usman,
  • Muhammad Rizwan,
  • Javed Iqbal,
  • Hassan Mehmood,
  • Hossam S. El-Beltagi,
  • Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd,
  • Gamal Awad El-Shaboury,
  • Rashid Iqbal

摘要

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a significant natural fibre employed as reinforcement in sustainable materials and, due to its considerable biomass, wide root system, and resilience to pollutants under harsh environments; it is an outstanding choice for the phytoremediation of multiple contaminants. This study aimed to assess hemp growth, gas exchange properties, antioxidant potential, and phytoremediation ability at varying concentrations of ciprofloxacin (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg kg−1) in a controlled glasshouse environment. The results indicate that hemp can tolerate Ciprofloxacin (CIP) concentrations up to 150 mg kg−1 without substantial reductions in biomass and growth parameters; however, higher CIP levels, namely 200 mg kg−1, lead to considerable drops in plant biomass and growth. The gas exchange properties and photosynthetic pigment levels of hemp leaves decreased as the CIP in the soil rose. Moreover, elevated CIP levels in soil induced lipid peroxidation via malondialdehyde level enhancement in hemp leaves. Elevated levels of CIP induced oxidative damage, antioxidants, including peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, function to neutralize ROS produced by oxidative stress. This study examined the CIP amounts in several plant elements such as fibres, stem core, leaves and roots at 4 different phases: 28-, 55-, 110- and 135-days post-sowing. The study’s findings reveal that, throughout the early growth stages, CIP predominantly accumulated in the subterranean regions of the crop, with limited translocation to the aerial areas. Conversely, at full maturity (135 days post-sowing), it was shown that the majority of CIP was translocated to the plant’s above-ground structures, with no accumulation in subterranean areas. The results demonstrate a progressive increase in CIP absorption in relation to heightened CIP concentrations in soil, suggesting that hemp could function as an effective phytoremediation bioresource and agent in contaminated soils.