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<p>The Brazilian Amazonia supports exceptional biological and cultural diversity, including numerous tree and palm species used by Indigenous peoples and traditional communities. However, deforestation and climate change may reduce the environmental suitability and regional availability of these species. We modelled the distributions of 753 useful and traditionally used tree and palm species under historical, 2023, and integrated climate and deforestation scenarios for 2050. Mean modelled suitable area under the historical baseline was 2.35&#xa0;million km², and mean species richness was 512 species per grid cell. By 2023, forest area had declined by 15%, while projected reductions reached 29% under the optimistic scenario and 53% under the pessimistic scenario. Mean modelled suitable area declined by 50.1% and 68.2%, and mean species richness by 42.4% and 62.9%, respectively. Indigenous Lands and sustainable-use protected areas retained proportionally more forest than the region as a whole but did not fully prevent projected richness losses. Among 846 initially compiled species, the most frequent broad categories were animal food/ecological function, materials, medicines, and human food. Nearly 46% of the modelled species had predominantly transboundary distributions. These findings reveal a mismatch between forest-cover retention and the persistence of suitable conditions for useful species, supporting conservation strategies that integrate deforestation control, climate adaptation, connectivity, and traditional knowledge.</p>

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Environmental risks to useful and traditionally used tree and palm species in the Brazilian Amazonia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Inaê Vilhena de Souza,
  • Vitor Hugo Freitas Gomes

摘要

The Brazilian Amazonia supports exceptional biological and cultural diversity, including numerous tree and palm species used by Indigenous peoples and traditional communities. However, deforestation and climate change may reduce the environmental suitability and regional availability of these species. We modelled the distributions of 753 useful and traditionally used tree and palm species under historical, 2023, and integrated climate and deforestation scenarios for 2050. Mean modelled suitable area under the historical baseline was 2.35 million km², and mean species richness was 512 species per grid cell. By 2023, forest area had declined by 15%, while projected reductions reached 29% under the optimistic scenario and 53% under the pessimistic scenario. Mean modelled suitable area declined by 50.1% and 68.2%, and mean species richness by 42.4% and 62.9%, respectively. Indigenous Lands and sustainable-use protected areas retained proportionally more forest than the region as a whole but did not fully prevent projected richness losses. Among 846 initially compiled species, the most frequent broad categories were animal food/ecological function, materials, medicines, and human food. Nearly 46% of the modelled species had predominantly transboundary distributions. These findings reveal a mismatch between forest-cover retention and the persistence of suitable conditions for useful species, supporting conservation strategies that integrate deforestation control, climate adaptation, connectivity, and traditional knowledge.