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<p>Thermal regimes are fundamental filters for freshwater biodiversity, yet the physiological mechanisms driving the displacement of native species by invaders remain poorly quantified. This study evaluates the thermal performance of a native specialist, <i>Pyrgophorus coronatus</i>, and a widespread invader <i>Tarebia granifera</i> across a controlled thermal range (25–31&#xa0;°C) (native and introduced to Mexico, respectively). We conducted a 77-day mesocosm experiment using a fully factorial design (Low, Mid, and High temperatures: 23–25&#xa0;°C, 27–28&#xa0;°C, and 31&#xa0;°C, respectively), monitoring weekly survival, somatic growth, and offspring production. Our results reveal a profound decoupling between survival and reproductive fitness. While both species exhibited high survival at lower limits, 28&#xa0;°C emerged as a critical threshold for the native <i>P. coronatus</i>, triggering a complete reproductive collapse and thermal dwarfing due to premature growth stabilization. Conversely, <i>T. granifera</i> displayed remarkable metabolic plasticity, maintaining continuous growth and stable recruitment even at 31&#xa0;°C. We characterize this phenomenon as a thermal trap, whereby the native species persists only as a cohort of non-reproductive adults, representing an extinction debt, while the invader goes through a continuous reproductive output. These findings suggest that in warming tropical ecosystems, native to invasive transitions are driven by a silent replacement where reproductive bottlenecks, rather than acute mortality, dictate community restructuring. Conservation efforts must prioritize thermal refugia to sustain the reproductive viability of native specialists facing the concurrent pressures of climate change and biological invasions.</p>

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The silent replacement: reproductive failure and metabolic constraints drive the displacement of native freshwater snails under thermal stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Natalia Albarran-Melzer,
  • Luis José Rangel Ruiz,
  • Javier Pinochet,
  • Marcelo Lagos-Oróstica

摘要

Thermal regimes are fundamental filters for freshwater biodiversity, yet the physiological mechanisms driving the displacement of native species by invaders remain poorly quantified. This study evaluates the thermal performance of a native specialist, Pyrgophorus coronatus, and a widespread invader Tarebia granifera across a controlled thermal range (25–31 °C) (native and introduced to Mexico, respectively). We conducted a 77-day mesocosm experiment using a fully factorial design (Low, Mid, and High temperatures: 23–25 °C, 27–28 °C, and 31 °C, respectively), monitoring weekly survival, somatic growth, and offspring production. Our results reveal a profound decoupling between survival and reproductive fitness. While both species exhibited high survival at lower limits, 28 °C emerged as a critical threshold for the native P. coronatus, triggering a complete reproductive collapse and thermal dwarfing due to premature growth stabilization. Conversely, T. granifera displayed remarkable metabolic plasticity, maintaining continuous growth and stable recruitment even at 31 °C. We characterize this phenomenon as a thermal trap, whereby the native species persists only as a cohort of non-reproductive adults, representing an extinction debt, while the invader goes through a continuous reproductive output. These findings suggest that in warming tropical ecosystems, native to invasive transitions are driven by a silent replacement where reproductive bottlenecks, rather than acute mortality, dictate community restructuring. Conservation efforts must prioritize thermal refugia to sustain the reproductive viability of native specialists facing the concurrent pressures of climate change and biological invasions.