Surveying species with a high degree of fission–fusion dynamics, such as spider monkeys: a review of methods and recommendations
摘要
The populations of species with fast-arboreal locomotion and a high degree of fission–fusion dynamics, such as the spider monkeys (Ateles spp.), are notoriously difficult to survey. It is often challenging to meet survey method assumptions due to the demanding terrains and habitat where they occur, especially when they are found in highly modified habitats. Our aim was to review the methods used to survey spider monkeys as an example of species with fast-arboreal locomotion and a high degree of fission–fusion dynamics and provide recommendations on their use and the reporting of information obtained. We summarized the information on the methods used to survey the different species of spider monkeys in tables, and emphasized the importance of considering survey terminology, the factors that affect spider monkey detectability, and how to manage data storage and processing when using conservation technology. We hope this review to be a first step towards standardizing the reporting of survey practices so that population estimates can be compared over time and across sites to gain a better understanding of the current state of spider monkey populations throughout their geographic distribution and to identify areas where surveys are urgently needed. We encourage further testing and validation with groups of known size to improve survey methods.