<p>Wild ungulate populations have expanded across Europe due to rural abandonment, landscape regeneration, and species reintroduction. As ecosystem engineers, wild ungulates impact vegetation structure, soil composition, and ecosystem functions, with cascading effects on other species. While their impact on small mammals is well-documented, their effects on mesocarnivores remain poorly understood. This study investigates temporal interactions between three wild ungulate species (roe deer, red deer, wild boar) and five mesocarnivores (red fox, badger, mongoose, stone marten, genet) under different environmental and management scenarios. We calculated the pairwise temporal overlap between mesocarnivores and wild ungulates using data collected over a year from 578 camera traps at 24 sites and modelled these relationships using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to assess the influence of humans and environmental context. Our findings suggest that, in areas of high ungulate abundance, badgers and genets altered their activity peak towards the dusk and dawn periods, respectively. Our results also suggest that there is a lower degree of overlap between wild ungulates and mesocarnivores when anthropogenic pressure is higher. Habitat structure also shapes activity patterns, with heterogeneous habitats promoting similar activity periods between both taxa. Additionally, more specialist mesocarnivores like the genet and stone marten exhibit minimal overlap, indicating an avoidance mechanism. Our study highlights the complex relationships between ungulates and mesocarnivores, showing how these interactions are shaped by human activities and habitat structure. By elucidating behavioural mechanisms underlying these dynamics, our findings inform ecological processes that are relevant to trophic rewilding initiatives, without directly assessing rewilding outcomes.</p>