Valuing species-at-risk recovery: A discrete choice experiment on public willingness-to-pay for conservation in Québec, Canada
摘要
Mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and fish have experienced considerable global population decline in the last 50 years, leading governments to intervene on behalf of species-at-risk (SARs) through listing SARs and implementing SARs recovery programs. This typically require that SARs habitats be protected, which may interfere with economic activities such as logging, road building, and housing development for terrestrial species or shipping for marine species. However, these activities’ value-added can be offset by the population’s willingness to-pay (WTP) for SARs conservation and recovery. We conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) in 2021 to estimate the population’s WTP for a SARs conservation program in the province of Quebec, Canada. The DCE focussed on five SARs (beluga whale, woodland caribou, wood turtle, copper redhorse and rusty-spotted bumble bee), representing five taxonomic groups, and their health status (deterioration, maintenance, or recovery). Individual annual WTPs for specific species recovery ranged between $37.23 and $135.23, with the highest WTP for the beluga whale and the lowest for the wood turtle. A conservative estimate of the aggregate WTP of Quebecers for a species recovery program was $1.53 billion per annum for the proposed 20-year program, or 0.3% of the Quebec 2021 GDP. Results also indicated that while overall, the status quo was valued positively at $47.83, it was not by people with university degrees or household incomes of $200k or more. We also found that most Quebecers consider the conservation of SARs as important and are willing to support their recovery.