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<p>The Belém Endemism Center (BEC) is the Amazon’s most severely degraded biogeographic region and has the highest concentration of threatened species. Due to intensified deforestation and the subsequent habitat loss observed, we hypothesized that forest integrity would be a determining factor in large-scale endemic parrots’ occupancy patterns, considering the dependence of species on forested habitats. Our study evaluated the influence of multiple environmental predictors on the historical occupancy of three Amazonian endemic parrots (<i>Guaruba guarouba</i>, <i>Pionites leucogaster</i>, and <i>Pyrilia vulturina</i>). A grid of 0.5° hexagons was established over the BEC region to assess species occupancy probabilities between 2000 and 2022. The results revealed that forest integrity and precipitation played crucial roles in determining species occupancy. The occupancy above or equal to 50% was found in areas with medium forest integrity (6.19–7.98), whereas areas with low forest integrity (&lt; 6) showed an average occupancy of 24% across the three species. Areas with occupancy above or equal to 50% had annual precipitation ranging from 1,693 to 2,491&#xa0;mm. These findings underscore the essential role of intact forests in conserving bird species with wide-ranging flight capacities, whose ecological requirements depend on large, undisturbed habitats. Continuous monitoring and maintenance of intact forests in this region is critical for informing conservation strategies, mitigating population declines, and preventing new local extinctions of unique Amazonian species.</p>

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Determining factors of endemic parrots’ large-scale occupancy: a study on climate and forest structure in the Amazon’s most at-risk region

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Randson Modesto Coêlho da Paixão,
  • Carlos Salustio-Gomes,
  • Kawan William Correia-Sousa,
  • Willane da Silva Rodrigues,
  • Sandara Nadja Rodrigues Brasil,
  • Flávio Kulaif Ubaid

摘要

The Belém Endemism Center (BEC) is the Amazon’s most severely degraded biogeographic region and has the highest concentration of threatened species. Due to intensified deforestation and the subsequent habitat loss observed, we hypothesized that forest integrity would be a determining factor in large-scale endemic parrots’ occupancy patterns, considering the dependence of species on forested habitats. Our study evaluated the influence of multiple environmental predictors on the historical occupancy of three Amazonian endemic parrots (Guaruba guarouba, Pionites leucogaster, and Pyrilia vulturina). A grid of 0.5° hexagons was established over the BEC region to assess species occupancy probabilities between 2000 and 2022. The results revealed that forest integrity and precipitation played crucial roles in determining species occupancy. The occupancy above or equal to 50% was found in areas with medium forest integrity (6.19–7.98), whereas areas with low forest integrity (< 6) showed an average occupancy of 24% across the three species. Areas with occupancy above or equal to 50% had annual precipitation ranging from 1,693 to 2,491 mm. These findings underscore the essential role of intact forests in conserving bird species with wide-ranging flight capacities, whose ecological requirements depend on large, undisturbed habitats. Continuous monitoring and maintenance of intact forests in this region is critical for informing conservation strategies, mitigating population declines, and preventing new local extinctions of unique Amazonian species.