<p>Understanding the spatial patterns of richness of endemic species is crucial for rationalizing ecosystem management and conservation efforts. We determined the centers with higher endemic moss richness in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and assessed whether these areas with threatened species fell within protected areas. The Southeastern and Southeast regions stood out as centers of richness and endemism, possibly favored by high altitudinal ranges and forest cover. All consensus areas of endemism were found in these two regions. Only ca. 11% of the areas of endemism overlapped with protected areas, mostly those with less restrictive rules regarding environmental exploitation. The majority of endemic species, particularly those classified as Critically Endangered, occurred outside protected areas, indicating a concerning situation for their conservation. Endemic moss distribution data should be integrated into conservation strategies. Our findings highlight the need for intensified bryophyte surveys in underexplored regions, such as the Northeastern Atlantic Forest, to refine endemic moss hotspot identification. Targeted habitat protection, field surveys, and ex situ conservation efforts are crucial for safeguarding the most threatened endemic species.</p>