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<p>Farmland birds, key biodiversity indicators, are declining across Europe. Singular point elements in a landscape (SPEL; e.g., singular trees, shrubs, pylons) provide essential resources for birds, thus may increase species diversity. We assessed the relationships between the number and types of SPEL and bird diversity and species composition across two spatial scales in agricultural landscapes with differing management intensity: in southern Poland (SouthPL, less intensive management) and western Poland (WestPL, more intensive management). Bird counts were performed during the breeding season at the landscape scale (1&#xa0;km²) and point scale (100&#xa0;m radius around selected SPEL). In SouthPL, species richness increased with more SPELs at the landscape scale, while no significant effect was observed in WestPL. In SouthPL, trees and pylons influenced species composition, whereas no SPEL significantly affected community composition in WestPL. On the point scale, species richness and abundance were higher near trees and pylons comparing to open fields in SouthPL, while in WestPL, all SPELs studied hosted more species than open fields. Ordination analysis on this scale showed that points in fields and points with trees in SouthPL and the total number of SPEL in WestPL significantly influenced community composition. This is one of few studies linking various SPELs to farmland bird diversity and species assemblages across spatial scales. While SPEL positively affects bird diversity locally, its effect at a broader scale depends on the landscape type and management. Maintaining or planting SPEL can be a cost-effective strategy to enhance bird diversity in European farmlands.</p>

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The scale-dependent association between bird diversity and singular point elements in agricultural landscapes differing in management intensity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月19日

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  • Sylwia Pustkowiak,
  • Zbigniew Kwieciński,
  • Magdalena Lidia Lenda,
  • Michał Żmihorski,
  • Piotr Skórka

摘要

Farmland birds, key biodiversity indicators, are declining across Europe. Singular point elements in a landscape (SPEL; e.g., singular trees, shrubs, pylons) provide essential resources for birds, thus may increase species diversity. We assessed the relationships between the number and types of SPEL and bird diversity and species composition across two spatial scales in agricultural landscapes with differing management intensity: in southern Poland (SouthPL, less intensive management) and western Poland (WestPL, more intensive management). Bird counts were performed during the breeding season at the landscape scale (1 km²) and point scale (100 m radius around selected SPEL). In SouthPL, species richness increased with more SPELs at the landscape scale, while no significant effect was observed in WestPL. In SouthPL, trees and pylons influenced species composition, whereas no SPEL significantly affected community composition in WestPL. On the point scale, species richness and abundance were higher near trees and pylons comparing to open fields in SouthPL, while in WestPL, all SPELs studied hosted more species than open fields. Ordination analysis on this scale showed that points in fields and points with trees in SouthPL and the total number of SPEL in WestPL significantly influenced community composition. This is one of few studies linking various SPELs to farmland bird diversity and species assemblages across spatial scales. While SPEL positively affects bird diversity locally, its effect at a broader scale depends on the landscape type and management. Maintaining or planting SPEL can be a cost-effective strategy to enhance bird diversity in European farmlands.