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<p>Climate warming is driving widespread shifts in phenology, yet species often respond at different rates, potentially altering ecological interactions. Uneven advancement in flowering times among taxa can restructure patterns of co-flowering and influence resource availability for pollinators. Callery pear (<i>Pyrus calleryana</i> Decne.) is a prolific invasive in North America known for its abundance of early-blooming, aromatic, showy white flowers. We scored phenology for &gt; 15,000 specimens of Callery pear and three common spring-blooming native or naturalized confamilials from 1850 to present to examine how climate shapes long-term phenological trends and co-blooming dynamics. Flowering times advanced across taxa, but since invasion in the late twentieth century, the invasive exhibited the most pronounced shift (&gt; 22&#xa0;days in 34&#xa0;years), far outpacing natives and naturalized species (all &lt; 13&#xa0;days) since its introduction. These changes have reconfigured co-flowering associations, with the invasive now overlapping more strongly with early-blooming confamilials than with later-blooming taxa. Winter temperature was a key predictor of phenological advance, and earlier flowering of&#xa0;Callery pear was more strongly associated&#xa0;with warmer winters than the native and naturalized species. Callery pear showed a rapid phenological advance in its native range as well, indicating high phenological plasticity in the species may have existed prior to invasion. Our findings demonstrate high temperature-sensitivity in Callery pear has rapidly altered its temporal niche and patterns of co-blooming with non-invasive relatives in North America. Understanding these dynamics is critical for predicting ecological outcomes under ongoing global change.</p>

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Phenological advance of an aggressive invasive outpaces co-flowering native and naturalized confamilials

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Harper McMinn-Sauder,
  • Taylor N. Sherer,
  • Jessica A. Hartshorn,
  • Matthew H. Koski

摘要

Climate warming is driving widespread shifts in phenology, yet species often respond at different rates, potentially altering ecological interactions. Uneven advancement in flowering times among taxa can restructure patterns of co-flowering and influence resource availability for pollinators. Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne.) is a prolific invasive in North America known for its abundance of early-blooming, aromatic, showy white flowers. We scored phenology for > 15,000 specimens of Callery pear and three common spring-blooming native or naturalized confamilials from 1850 to present to examine how climate shapes long-term phenological trends and co-blooming dynamics. Flowering times advanced across taxa, but since invasion in the late twentieth century, the invasive exhibited the most pronounced shift (> 22 days in 34 years), far outpacing natives and naturalized species (all < 13 days) since its introduction. These changes have reconfigured co-flowering associations, with the invasive now overlapping more strongly with early-blooming confamilials than with later-blooming taxa. Winter temperature was a key predictor of phenological advance, and earlier flowering of Callery pear was more strongly associated with warmer winters than the native and naturalized species. Callery pear showed a rapid phenological advance in its native range as well, indicating high phenological plasticity in the species may have existed prior to invasion. Our findings demonstrate high temperature-sensitivity in Callery pear has rapidly altered its temporal niche and patterns of co-blooming with non-invasive relatives in North America. Understanding these dynamics is critical for predicting ecological outcomes under ongoing global change.