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<p><i>Ageratina adenophora</i> poses significant threats to agricultural and forestry production and biodiversity conservation worldwide. However, its expansion mechanism in highly acidic environments has not been studied in depth. To address this issue, we investigated the impacts of <i>A. adenophora</i> invasion on soil nutrient content and enzyme activity levels across 24 samples from Yunnan Province, China. The sampling sites were categorized into four invasion levels, namely, initial invaded (C), lightly invaded (L), moderately invaded (M), and severely invaded (S). Our findings revealed that the soil pH in severely invaded areas was 8.37% greater than that in initial invaded areas. Notably, severely invaded soils demonstrated relatively high levels of soil organic carbon (SOC), available potassium (AK), aluminum (Al), available iron (Fe), available zinc (Zn), available copper (Cu), available manganese (Mn), exchangeable calcium (Ca), and exchangeable magnesium (Mg). However, the levels of available Al, boron (B), and phosphorus were significantly lower in these areas. Additionally, variations in the total nitrogen (TN), total potassium (TK), sucrase, and nitrate reductase activity levels were observed across the areas with different invasion levels. Correlation analysis underscored the pivotal role of soil properties and enzyme activity in regulating soil pH, micronutrients and its availability. The random forest model (RFM) and structural equation modeling (SEM) results indicated that available Mn, AK, and available Zn are the dominant factors in initial invaded areas (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), while Mg, B, and available Cu were the main factors in severely invaded areas (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Finally, the SEM analysis revealed that soil pH significantly influence of <i>A. adenophora</i> invasion in acid-poor areas through their effect on micronutrient availability. These findings collectively provide evidence that <i>A. adenophora</i> invasion establishes favorable habitat conditions by altering soil pH, nutrient cycling, and enzyme activity levels, thereby suppressing the growth of native plants and ultimately displacing them from their ecological niches. This study provides a sound foundation for the formulation of stage-specific control strategies against <i>A. adenophora</i> invasion.</p>

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The soil pH and micronutrients influence plant invasion in acidic, nutrient-poor soils: insights from Ageratina adenophora

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Juan Wang,
  • Jingying Lu,
  • Yuehua Zhang,
  • Xianyong Dong,
  • Xiaogang Wu,
  • Lumei Xiao,
  • Kaiwen Pan,
  • Lin Zhang

摘要

Ageratina adenophora poses significant threats to agricultural and forestry production and biodiversity conservation worldwide. However, its expansion mechanism in highly acidic environments has not been studied in depth. To address this issue, we investigated the impacts of A. adenophora invasion on soil nutrient content and enzyme activity levels across 24 samples from Yunnan Province, China. The sampling sites were categorized into four invasion levels, namely, initial invaded (C), lightly invaded (L), moderately invaded (M), and severely invaded (S). Our findings revealed that the soil pH in severely invaded areas was 8.37% greater than that in initial invaded areas. Notably, severely invaded soils demonstrated relatively high levels of soil organic carbon (SOC), available potassium (AK), aluminum (Al), available iron (Fe), available zinc (Zn), available copper (Cu), available manganese (Mn), exchangeable calcium (Ca), and exchangeable magnesium (Mg). However, the levels of available Al, boron (B), and phosphorus were significantly lower in these areas. Additionally, variations in the total nitrogen (TN), total potassium (TK), sucrase, and nitrate reductase activity levels were observed across the areas with different invasion levels. Correlation analysis underscored the pivotal role of soil properties and enzyme activity in regulating soil pH, micronutrients and its availability. The random forest model (RFM) and structural equation modeling (SEM) results indicated that available Mn, AK, and available Zn are the dominant factors in initial invaded areas (P < 0.05), while Mg, B, and available Cu were the main factors in severely invaded areas (P < 0.05). Finally, the SEM analysis revealed that soil pH significantly influence of A. adenophora invasion in acid-poor areas through their effect on micronutrient availability. These findings collectively provide evidence that A. adenophora invasion establishes favorable habitat conditions by altering soil pH, nutrient cycling, and enzyme activity levels, thereby suppressing the growth of native plants and ultimately displacing them from their ecological niches. This study provides a sound foundation for the formulation of stage-specific control strategies against A. adenophora invasion.