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<p>The red imported fire ant (<i>Solenopsis invicta</i> Buren) faces competition from sympatric ant species under challenging environmental conditions in its introduced regions. However, how <i>S. invicta</i> copes with harsh environmental conditions and competition from sympatric ants is not well understood. In this study, locomotion and survival of <i>S. invicta</i> under various combinations of low temperature and high humidity were assessed. Additionally, locomotion, aggression and survival capabilities of <i>S. invicta</i> to sympatric ants (<i>Lasius niger</i>, <i>Tetramorium caespitum</i> and <i>Camponotus japonicus</i>) under the same environmental stresses were also compared. The <i>S. invicta</i> demonstrated efficient locomotion, evidenced by non-significant changes in turn angle and angular velocity after exposure to low temperature and high humidity combinations. Exposure to severe stress (2&#xa0;°C and 95% R.H) for 24&#xa0;h had no significant impact on the locomotion of <i>S. invicta</i>, whereas sympatric ants displayed notable locomotion impairment under these conditions. Regarding aggression, <i>S. invicta</i> exhibited significantly higher biting behavior against <i>L. niger</i> and <i>T. caespitum</i> under normal conditions (25&#xa0;°C, 70% R.H), while under stressful conditions (2&#xa0;°C, 95% R.H), heightened aggression was directed toward <i>C. japonicus</i> and <i>T. caespitum</i>. Despite showing the lowest survival rate among the tested conditions at 0&#xa0;°C and 100% R.H, survival of <i>S. invicta</i> under these extreme conditions remained significantly higher compared to sympatric ants. Our findings indicate superior resilience of <i>S. invicta</i> to harsh environmental stress, providing valuable insights into how this invasive species copes with combined abiotic and biotic pressures.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Resilience of fire ants to cold, humid stress compared to sympatric ant species in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Ali Hassan,
  • Lidong Kang,
  • Kaixiong Zhang,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Xianjiao Qin,
  • Guobin Fang,
  • Yongyue Lu,
  • Min Lu,
  • Qiuying Huang

摘要

The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) faces competition from sympatric ant species under challenging environmental conditions in its introduced regions. However, how S. invicta copes with harsh environmental conditions and competition from sympatric ants is not well understood. In this study, locomotion and survival of S. invicta under various combinations of low temperature and high humidity were assessed. Additionally, locomotion, aggression and survival capabilities of S. invicta to sympatric ants (Lasius niger, Tetramorium caespitum and Camponotus japonicus) under the same environmental stresses were also compared. The S. invicta demonstrated efficient locomotion, evidenced by non-significant changes in turn angle and angular velocity after exposure to low temperature and high humidity combinations. Exposure to severe stress (2 °C and 95% R.H) for 24 h had no significant impact on the locomotion of S. invicta, whereas sympatric ants displayed notable locomotion impairment under these conditions. Regarding aggression, S. invicta exhibited significantly higher biting behavior against L. niger and T. caespitum under normal conditions (25 °C, 70% R.H), while under stressful conditions (2 °C, 95% R.H), heightened aggression was directed toward C. japonicus and T. caespitum. Despite showing the lowest survival rate among the tested conditions at 0 °C and 100% R.H, survival of S. invicta under these extreme conditions remained significantly higher compared to sympatric ants. Our findings indicate superior resilience of S. invicta to harsh environmental stress, providing valuable insights into how this invasive species copes with combined abiotic and biotic pressures.

Graphical Abstract