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<p>Fire ants are native to the Neotropics and North America but have expanded globally, raising concerns due to economic, public health, and biodiversity impacts. In Brazil, <i>Solenopsis invicta</i> is native to inland regions like the Pantanal, while <i>Solenopsis saevissima</i> originates along the coast, extending into the Amazon basin. Despite their economic significance, their distribution in the Atlantic Forest, home to most of Brazil's population, remains unassessed. This study assesses museum specimens and evaluates the distribution, record accumulation over time, and landscape variables associated with the occurrence of <i>S. invicta</i> and <i>S. saevissima</i> in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We reviewed and validated the identification of <i>Solenopsis</i> specimens from biological collections, available datasets and field surveys spanning a period of 124&#xa0;years, which were divided into five decades, starting in 1900: 1985 (85&#xa0;years), 1995 (95&#xa0;years), 2005 (105&#xa0;years), 2015 (115&#xa0;years), and 2024 (125&#xa0;years). Geographic coordinates were used to generate maps and statistical models to analyze expansion patterns of <i>S. invicta</i> and <i>S. saevissima,</i> and their relationship with landscape fragmentation over time. Our findings show a significant expansion of <i>S. invicta</i> toward the Brazilian coast, while <i>S. saevissima</i> is expanding inland. The species increased their overlap area over the five decades, particularly in the South and Southeast of Brazil. Both are associated with urban expansion, complicating distribution delimitation of <i>S. invicta</i> and <i>S. saevissima</i>, especially under increasing anthropogenic influence. Tracking these distribution shifts is essential for guiding management and conservation strategies. From these data, it will be possible to have tools to mitigate the possible negative impacts of <i>S. invicta</i> in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and, at the same time, preserve <i>S. saevissima</i>.</p>

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Fire ants in the Brazilian Atlantic forest: history of occurrence and its implications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月13日

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  • Victor Hideki Nagatani,
  • Tiago Henrique Nascimento Dativa Vieira,
  • Otávio Guilherme Morais Silva,
  • Rony Peterson Santos Almeida,
  • Gabriela Procópio Camacho,
  • Juliana Aparecida Calisto Vaz,
  • Nathália Sampaio da Silva,
  • Dietrich Gotzek,
  • Milton Cezar Ribeiro,
  • Maria Santina de Castro Morini

摘要

Fire ants are native to the Neotropics and North America but have expanded globally, raising concerns due to economic, public health, and biodiversity impacts. In Brazil, Solenopsis invicta is native to inland regions like the Pantanal, while Solenopsis saevissima originates along the coast, extending into the Amazon basin. Despite their economic significance, their distribution in the Atlantic Forest, home to most of Brazil's population, remains unassessed. This study assesses museum specimens and evaluates the distribution, record accumulation over time, and landscape variables associated with the occurrence of S. invicta and S. saevissima in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We reviewed and validated the identification of Solenopsis specimens from biological collections, available datasets and field surveys spanning a period of 124 years, which were divided into five decades, starting in 1900: 1985 (85 years), 1995 (95 years), 2005 (105 years), 2015 (115 years), and 2024 (125 years). Geographic coordinates were used to generate maps and statistical models to analyze expansion patterns of S. invicta and S. saevissima, and their relationship with landscape fragmentation over time. Our findings show a significant expansion of S. invicta toward the Brazilian coast, while S. saevissima is expanding inland. The species increased their overlap area over the five decades, particularly in the South and Southeast of Brazil. Both are associated with urban expansion, complicating distribution delimitation of S. invicta and S. saevissima, especially under increasing anthropogenic influence. Tracking these distribution shifts is essential for guiding management and conservation strategies. From these data, it will be possible to have tools to mitigate the possible negative impacts of S. invicta in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and, at the same time, preserve S. saevissima.