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<p>The crangonyctid amphipod <i>Crangonyx floridanus</i> is considered to have a native distribution across much of the eastern United States and is thought to be introduced, and potentially invasive in parts of the western United States, Japan, and the British Isles. Recent investigations have revealed highly endemic cryptic species among populations of <i>Crangonyx floridanus</i> sensu lato occurring at approximately 30 <sup>o</sup>N latitude in the Panhandle of Florida, USA. To date, none of the published cryptic lineages of <i>C. floridanus</i> sensu lato phylogenetically align with the nonnative populations. Despite years of collecting efforts, <i>C. floridanus</i> sensu stricto has not been identified from its type locality in Highlands Hammock State Park, in Highlands County, Florida since its initial collection in 1962. To determine if <i>C. floridanus</i> sensu stricto has been extirpated from the type locality environmental DNA was used to analyze the V4/V5 hypervariable regions of the nuclear 18S rRNA gene. These data revealed that the species has not been extirpated from the type locality, and that it is not the source of the introduced/invasive populations. To determine the phylogenetic status of <i>C. floridanus</i> sensu stricto within the <i>floridanus</i> species complex and to find the potential source of the globally introduced populations, collections of putative <i>C. floridanus</i> were made from multiple locations across North America. These data definitively demonstrate that <i>C. floridanus</i> sensu stricto is phylogenetically distinct from all other <i>floridanus</i> complex species and that an undescribed member of the cryptic species complex, broadly distributed across the eastern United States, is the source of nonnative populations in the western United States, Japan, and the British Isles. This study demonstrates that traditional morphological diagnostic characteristics may lead to incorrect assumptions about the taxonomic status of invasive species.</p>

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Florida man exonerated: an amphipod case study on the implications of cryptic species complexes and global invasions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月12日

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  • T. R. Sawicki,
  • A. G. Cannizzaro,
  • S. E. Dowd

摘要

The crangonyctid amphipod Crangonyx floridanus is considered to have a native distribution across much of the eastern United States and is thought to be introduced, and potentially invasive in parts of the western United States, Japan, and the British Isles. Recent investigations have revealed highly endemic cryptic species among populations of Crangonyx floridanus sensu lato occurring at approximately 30 oN latitude in the Panhandle of Florida, USA. To date, none of the published cryptic lineages of C. floridanus sensu lato phylogenetically align with the nonnative populations. Despite years of collecting efforts, C. floridanus sensu stricto has not been identified from its type locality in Highlands Hammock State Park, in Highlands County, Florida since its initial collection in 1962. To determine if C. floridanus sensu stricto has been extirpated from the type locality environmental DNA was used to analyze the V4/V5 hypervariable regions of the nuclear 18S rRNA gene. These data revealed that the species has not been extirpated from the type locality, and that it is not the source of the introduced/invasive populations. To determine the phylogenetic status of C. floridanus sensu stricto within the floridanus species complex and to find the potential source of the globally introduced populations, collections of putative C. floridanus were made from multiple locations across North America. These data definitively demonstrate that C. floridanus sensu stricto is phylogenetically distinct from all other floridanus complex species and that an undescribed member of the cryptic species complex, broadly distributed across the eastern United States, is the source of nonnative populations in the western United States, Japan, and the British Isles. This study demonstrates that traditional morphological diagnostic characteristics may lead to incorrect assumptions about the taxonomic status of invasive species.