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<p>Amphibian collections may spread chytrid fungi to native populations. Here, we have collected samples from 16 amphibian collections, five private collections, six institutions dealing with amphibian conservation, one merchant, three aquariums and one zoo, distributed throughout Japan. A total of 296 animals belonging to 48 amphibian species were sampled between November 2022 and December 2023. Despite of aiming mainly <i>Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans</i> (Bsal) that typically has been searched on urodeles, skin swab collection has included 35 individuals of 18 anuran species as well, as they can serve as Bsal reservoir too. This study has confirmed the presence of Bsal in four captive collections in Japan. Thus, we have shown how under the current Japanese policy framework Bsal is moving within the Japanese pet trade. Ongoing conditions where imported and native amphibians were Bsal positive, could lead into a strain recombination of this pathogen with undesirable effects for amphibian conservation. International regulation is needed to avoid further invasion in other territories out of the current distribution of this chytrid fungus which is still unknown. Only close cooperation between amphibian enthusiasts, breeders, traders, researchers, and policy makers can mitigate the Bsal invasion.</p>

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Chytrid pathogens trade off within the amphibian captive collections in Japan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月19日

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  • David Lastra González,
  • Hiroki Shiroma,
  • Kanto Nishikawa,
  • Koshiro Eto,
  • Kenichi Tamukai,
  • Koichi Goka,
  • Nuria Viñuela Rodríguez,
  • Atsushi Tominaga

摘要

Amphibian collections may spread chytrid fungi to native populations. Here, we have collected samples from 16 amphibian collections, five private collections, six institutions dealing with amphibian conservation, one merchant, three aquariums and one zoo, distributed throughout Japan. A total of 296 animals belonging to 48 amphibian species were sampled between November 2022 and December 2023. Despite of aiming mainly Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) that typically has been searched on urodeles, skin swab collection has included 35 individuals of 18 anuran species as well, as they can serve as Bsal reservoir too. This study has confirmed the presence of Bsal in four captive collections in Japan. Thus, we have shown how under the current Japanese policy framework Bsal is moving within the Japanese pet trade. Ongoing conditions where imported and native amphibians were Bsal positive, could lead into a strain recombination of this pathogen with undesirable effects for amphibian conservation. International regulation is needed to avoid further invasion in other territories out of the current distribution of this chytrid fungus which is still unknown. Only close cooperation between amphibian enthusiasts, breeders, traders, researchers, and policy makers can mitigate the Bsal invasion.