<p>Deterrent technologies are one component of preventing the spread of invasive fishes to protect aquatic ecosystems from biodiversity loss. Curtains of bubbles can act as a non-physical barrier to deter fish movements, but will not stop all species in all situations. Modifications to bubble curtains that decrease fish movements would help protect aquatic ecosystems. The current study sought to quantify whether adding carbon dioxide gas (CO<sub>2</sub>) to a bubble curtain would enhance its efficacy to block fish. For this, a choice tank was outfitted with bubble curtains infused with either compressed air alone, or with two different concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub> [30 or 100&#xa0;mg/L]. Passage rates and position of common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio,</i> an invasive Cyprinid) and black bullhead (<i>Ameiurus melas,</i> a native Ictalurid) exposed to these treatments were compared. Common carp were less likely to pass a bubble curtain when CO<sub>2</sub> gas was used relative to the use of compressed air alone, and only 30&#xa0;mg/L CO<sub>2</sub> was needed to reduce passage. Black bullhead passages were not influenced by the bubble curtain, even with the addition of CO<sub>2</sub>. However, black bullhead, were found 30% further upstream of the curtain when CO<sub>2</sub> was used relative to the control and air alone treatments, demonstrating avoidance of CO<sub>2</sub>. This study shows that CO<sub>2</sub> added to a bubble curtain will enhance its ability to block passage of invasive fish.</p>

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Coupling carbon dioxide gas within a bubble curtain enhances its effectiveness to deter fish

  • Clark E. Dennis III,
  • Cory D. Suski

摘要

Deterrent technologies are one component of preventing the spread of invasive fishes to protect aquatic ecosystems from biodiversity loss. Curtains of bubbles can act as a non-physical barrier to deter fish movements, but will not stop all species in all situations. Modifications to bubble curtains that decrease fish movements would help protect aquatic ecosystems. The current study sought to quantify whether adding carbon dioxide gas (CO2) to a bubble curtain would enhance its efficacy to block fish. For this, a choice tank was outfitted with bubble curtains infused with either compressed air alone, or with two different concentrations of CO2 [30 or 100 mg/L]. Passage rates and position of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, an invasive Cyprinid) and black bullhead (Ameiurus melas, a native Ictalurid) exposed to these treatments were compared. Common carp were less likely to pass a bubble curtain when CO2 gas was used relative to the use of compressed air alone, and only 30 mg/L CO2 was needed to reduce passage. Black bullhead passages were not influenced by the bubble curtain, even with the addition of CO2. However, black bullhead, were found 30% further upstream of the curtain when CO2 was used relative to the control and air alone treatments, demonstrating avoidance of CO2. This study shows that CO2 added to a bubble curtain will enhance its ability to block passage of invasive fish.