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<p><i>Fragaria nubicola</i>, wild strawberry, is recognized for having diverse medicinal properties which include antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. In this study, molecular identification of <i>Fragaria nubicola</i> collected from Azad Kashmir was done using universal primers of rbcL and matK genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed resemblance of the both, rbcL (OR453942) and matK genes (OR399558), mainly to <i>Fragaria nubicola</i>, <i>Fragaria vesca</i> and <i>Fragaria ananassa</i>. Additionally, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes, thaumatin-like protein (ThLP) and defensin Ec-AMP-D2-like protein (DefLP), were identified and computationally analyzed from the <i>Fragaria nubicola</i> for their structural and functional properties. Both AMP genes, <i>ThLP</i> (372&#xa0;bp) encoding 109 amino acids peptide and <i>DefLP</i> (139&#xa0;bp) encoding 46 amino acids peptide, were submitted to NCBI GenBank database with accession numbers of OR415848 and OR453943 respectively. Physiological analysis demonstrated structural and thermal stability of both AMPs. Antimicrobial prediction tool predicted their high antimicrobial potential and significant protein-binding potential (Boman index), ThLP (1.32&#xa0;kcal/mol) and DefLP (1.9&#xa0;kcal/mol). ThLP showed higher susceptibility to proteolysis as compared to DefLP. Molecular docking studies showed ThLP exhibiting a strong binding affinity with chitin synthase (docking score: -350.17) and DefLP demonstrating stable interactions with lipoteichoic acid synthase (-227.25) and lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase (-219.37). Such results would emphasize the potential of ThLP and DefLP as valuable antimicrobial agents and confirm further the pharmaceutical significance of <i>Fragaria nubicola</i> and its AMPs. Further experimental studies are now necessary for validation of bioactivity and optimization of their structural properties. Moreover, molecular identification of other <i>Fragaria</i> species might discover more medicinal compounds.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p> <p>Graphical abstract of molecular identification of <i>Fragaria nubicola</i>, screening and analysis of its Antimicrobial Peptides.</p>

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Fragaria Nubicola (A Wild Strawberry) from Azad Kashmir: Its Molecular Identification and Screening of Thaumatin-Like and Defensin Ec-Amp-D2-Like Proteins

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • Amna Shahid Awan,
  • Ruba Shahid,
  • Zahid Mushtaq

摘要

Fragaria nubicola, wild strawberry, is recognized for having diverse medicinal properties which include antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. In this study, molecular identification of Fragaria nubicola collected from Azad Kashmir was done using universal primers of rbcL and matK genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed resemblance of the both, rbcL (OR453942) and matK genes (OR399558), mainly to Fragaria nubicola, Fragaria vesca and Fragaria ananassa. Additionally, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes, thaumatin-like protein (ThLP) and defensin Ec-AMP-D2-like protein (DefLP), were identified and computationally analyzed from the Fragaria nubicola for their structural and functional properties. Both AMP genes, ThLP (372 bp) encoding 109 amino acids peptide and DefLP (139 bp) encoding 46 amino acids peptide, were submitted to NCBI GenBank database with accession numbers of OR415848 and OR453943 respectively. Physiological analysis demonstrated structural and thermal stability of both AMPs. Antimicrobial prediction tool predicted their high antimicrobial potential and significant protein-binding potential (Boman index), ThLP (1.32 kcal/mol) and DefLP (1.9 kcal/mol). ThLP showed higher susceptibility to proteolysis as compared to DefLP. Molecular docking studies showed ThLP exhibiting a strong binding affinity with chitin synthase (docking score: -350.17) and DefLP demonstrating stable interactions with lipoteichoic acid synthase (-227.25) and lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase (-219.37). Such results would emphasize the potential of ThLP and DefLP as valuable antimicrobial agents and confirm further the pharmaceutical significance of Fragaria nubicola and its AMPs. Further experimental studies are now necessary for validation of bioactivity and optimization of their structural properties. Moreover, molecular identification of other Fragaria species might discover more medicinal compounds.

Graphical Abstract

Graphical abstract of molecular identification of Fragaria nubicola, screening and analysis of its Antimicrobial Peptides.