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<p>This study investigates innate immune responses of economically important Phytoseiid mites to the pathogenic bacterium <i>Acaricomes phytoseiuli</i>, revealing stark species-specific susceptibility. Among five predatory mites tested, <i>Phytoseiulus persimilis</i> suffered extreme mortality (4.4% survival at seven days), 71.4% fecundity loss, and 50% predation decline, while <i>Amblyseius swirskii</i> showed complete resistance with no fitness costs. Pathogen proliferation in <i>P. persimilis</i> caused brain ganglia dispersion and gut damage, whereas no tissue disruption was observed in <i>A. swirskii</i>. Immune gene analysis revealed transient upregulation of <i>tok</i>, <i>HPB</i>, <i>DUOX</i>, and <i>Peroxidase</i> in <i>P. persimilis</i> at one day post-infection (dpi), but no differential expression in <i>A. swirskii</i> at 1 or 3 dpi. ROS levels significantly decreased only in susceptible <i>P. persimilis</i>, but no obvious changes in melanization were observed in both mite species. Notably, <i>A. swirskii</i> maintained a richer microbiota regardless of infection. Their immune defense constitutes an integrated system of "host immune pathways—cellular responses—microbiome," advancing our understanding of acarine immunity and informing strategies to enhance pathogen resistance in biocontrol predators.</p>

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Divergent immune responses of Phytoseiid mites to bacterial pathogen Acaricomes phytoseiuli

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Hong Yan,
  • Yu Chen,
  • Xiangli Dang,
  • Endong Wang,
  • Xuenong Xu,
  • Bo Zhang

摘要

This study investigates innate immune responses of economically important Phytoseiid mites to the pathogenic bacterium Acaricomes phytoseiuli, revealing stark species-specific susceptibility. Among five predatory mites tested, Phytoseiulus persimilis suffered extreme mortality (4.4% survival at seven days), 71.4% fecundity loss, and 50% predation decline, while Amblyseius swirskii showed complete resistance with no fitness costs. Pathogen proliferation in P. persimilis caused brain ganglia dispersion and gut damage, whereas no tissue disruption was observed in A. swirskii. Immune gene analysis revealed transient upregulation of tok, HPB, DUOX, and Peroxidase in P. persimilis at one day post-infection (dpi), but no differential expression in A. swirskii at 1 or 3 dpi. ROS levels significantly decreased only in susceptible P. persimilis, but no obvious changes in melanization were observed in both mite species. Notably, A. swirskii maintained a richer microbiota regardless of infection. Their immune defense constitutes an integrated system of "host immune pathways—cellular responses—microbiome," advancing our understanding of acarine immunity and informing strategies to enhance pathogen resistance in biocontrol predators.