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<p>The red flour beetle (RFB), <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a major insect pest of stored grains worldwide. Due to the negative effects associated with synthetic chemicals, there is a need for sustainable alternatives for the control of this pest. Dry and oil-based formulations of the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i>, were prepared using carrier materials, namely diatomaceous earth (DE), kaolin clay, and sunflower oil, and were tested against larval and adult stages of RFB. The contact bioassays were also conducted on treated cement and wooden surfaces to evaluate their effectiveness against RFB. Adult mortality reached 76.2% after 14&#xa0;days and 100% after 21&#xa0;days when the hybrid formulation (DE + EPF + clay + oil) was applied. A similar trend was observed for larvae, in which the hybrid formulation caused 68.7% mortality after 14&#xa0;days and 100% mortality after 21&#xa0;days. Dry and oil-based formulations of EPF combined with DE resulted in 85–90.0% adult and 92.5–100% larval mortality after 21&#xa0;days of exposure. In contrast, the application of EPF alone caused only 55.0% adult and 61.2% larval mortality after 21&#xa0;days. Our findings showed clear enhancement in efficacy, with quantified synergistic interactions among treatments. Some carrier-based combinations showed statistically supported synergistic effects, particularly in larvae, while others were mainly additive. In contact assays, the hybrid formulation caused 87.5% larval mortality on wood and 77.5% on cement treatments. Mycosis levels were highest when EPF was applied alone. All treatments reduced progeny production (88.7% in adults and 88.0% in larvae). However, hybrid formulation caused the greatest suppression (8.75 individuals) compared to the control (96.5 individuals). Overall, integrating EPF with carriers significantly increased the mortality rate and reduced the progeny production. These findings highlight the potential of EPF formulations combined with carrier materials as an effective and sustainable strategy for the control of stored-product pests.</p>

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Development of dry and oil-based formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae using carrier materials for effective control of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Nahdia Perveen,
  • Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza,
  • Muhammad Arshad,
  • Panagiotis Eliopoulos,
  • Samah F. Ibrahim,
  • Mustafa Shukry,
  • Samy Sayed,
  • Hanan M. A. Hamada

摘要

The red flour beetle (RFB), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a major insect pest of stored grains worldwide. Due to the negative effects associated with synthetic chemicals, there is a need for sustainable alternatives for the control of this pest. Dry and oil-based formulations of the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), Metarhizium anisopliae, were prepared using carrier materials, namely diatomaceous earth (DE), kaolin clay, and sunflower oil, and were tested against larval and adult stages of RFB. The contact bioassays were also conducted on treated cement and wooden surfaces to evaluate their effectiveness against RFB. Adult mortality reached 76.2% after 14 days and 100% after 21 days when the hybrid formulation (DE + EPF + clay + oil) was applied. A similar trend was observed for larvae, in which the hybrid formulation caused 68.7% mortality after 14 days and 100% mortality after 21 days. Dry and oil-based formulations of EPF combined with DE resulted in 85–90.0% adult and 92.5–100% larval mortality after 21 days of exposure. In contrast, the application of EPF alone caused only 55.0% adult and 61.2% larval mortality after 21 days. Our findings showed clear enhancement in efficacy, with quantified synergistic interactions among treatments. Some carrier-based combinations showed statistically supported synergistic effects, particularly in larvae, while others were mainly additive. In contact assays, the hybrid formulation caused 87.5% larval mortality on wood and 77.5% on cement treatments. Mycosis levels were highest when EPF was applied alone. All treatments reduced progeny production (88.7% in adults and 88.0% in larvae). However, hybrid formulation caused the greatest suppression (8.75 individuals) compared to the control (96.5 individuals). Overall, integrating EPF with carriers significantly increased the mortality rate and reduced the progeny production. These findings highlight the potential of EPF formulations combined with carrier materials as an effective and sustainable strategy for the control of stored-product pests.