Control of fall armyworm with Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in sweet corn cultivated under agroecological conditions
摘要
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous pest documented on more than 80 plant species. In vegetable production systems, sweet corn is its preferred host, but it also infests other plants such as chilli, tomato, pumpkins, cucumber, beans and eggplant. Control strategies are commonly carried out by the use of chemical insecticides even though resistance of S. frugiperda populations to several insecticides has been reported. Last decades, rapid adoption of organic and agroecological practices in horticulture, particularly those that rely on bioinputs such as biopesticides and biofertilizers have been registered. The baculovirus Alphabaculovirus spofrugiperdae (SfMNPV) is a pathogenic agent for the FAW and an alternative tool used for its control in sustainable pest management strategies. In this work, we evaluate two liquid formulations based on indigenous SfMNPV sprayed on sweet corn cultivated under agroecological conditions. Larvae fed with leaves treated with SfMNPV showed mortality rates ranging from 55 to 68%. Offspring from adult surviving to treatments was analyzed by PCR and the results confirmed sublethal infections and vertical transmission in the fall armyworm. Corn ears harvested from each treatment were individually observed for insect presence, where the lowest rate of FAW per corn ear was registered in plants treated with SfMNPV. Analysis of secondary plagues in corn ears identified the sap beetle Carpophilus dimidiatus and the maize-infesting fly larvae Euxesta mazorca as the most abundant insect pests. These results show that indigenous isolates of SfMNPV produce a significant control on FAW under agroecological conditions, suggesting that the use of formulations including this virus might be a valuable tool for pest management in sustainable vegetable production systems.