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<p>Endophytes are well-known bioagents for sustainable and eco-friendly management of rice diseases. In this study, four endophytic fungi–<i>Meyerozyma caribbica, Penicillium citrinum, Periconia echinochloae</i> and <i>Trichoderma lixii</i>–isolated from rice tissues were evaluated for their biocontrol efficacy as well as subjected to morphological and molecular identification. Their potential was further assessed through field evaluations against <i>Ustilaginoidea virens</i> (Cooke) Takahashi, the causal agent of rice false smut. Dual culture assays revealed strong antagonistic activity by <i>M. caribbica</i> and <i>P. citrinum,</i> showing 70.21% and 60.64% inhibition, respectively. The endophytes exhibited variation in mycelial growth rates, with <i>T. lixii</i> showing the highest mycelial growth diameter (85&#xa0;mm), followed by <i>P. citrinum</i> (60.50&#xa0;mm) and <i>P. echinochloae</i> (44.00&#xa0;mm) at five&#xa0;days after inoculation. Molecular identification using ITS sequencing confirmed the identity of four endophytes with high sequence similarity (97.00–99.30%), and their sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession No. ON782385–ON782388). Notably, field evaluations conducted over two consecutive monsoon seasons (June-October), in 2021 and 2022, demonstrated that plants treated with <i>P. citrinum</i> and <i>P. echinochloae</i> exhibited complete suppression or a minimal incidence of false smut and significantly fewer smut balls. Besides disease suppression, both endophytes conferred substantial improvements in shoot and root length, root weight, number of grains per panicle, and grain weight, outperforming untreated controls. These findings identified <i>P. citrinum</i> and <i>P. echinochloae</i> as novel and effective bioagents for eco-friendly management of rice false smut, with the added advantage of enhancing crop vigour and productivity.</p>

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Harnessing rice endophytes for sustainable biocontrol of false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Mathew Seikholen Baite,
  • Letngam Touthang,
  • Prabhukarthikeyan Seenichamy Rathinam,
  • Raghu Shivappa,
  • Keerthana Umapathy,
  • Ch. Jamkhokai Mate

摘要

Endophytes are well-known bioagents for sustainable and eco-friendly management of rice diseases. In this study, four endophytic fungi–Meyerozyma caribbica, Penicillium citrinum, Periconia echinochloae and Trichoderma lixii–isolated from rice tissues were evaluated for their biocontrol efficacy as well as subjected to morphological and molecular identification. Their potential was further assessed through field evaluations against Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi, the causal agent of rice false smut. Dual culture assays revealed strong antagonistic activity by M. caribbica and P. citrinum, showing 70.21% and 60.64% inhibition, respectively. The endophytes exhibited variation in mycelial growth rates, with T. lixii showing the highest mycelial growth diameter (85 mm), followed by P. citrinum (60.50 mm) and P. echinochloae (44.00 mm) at five days after inoculation. Molecular identification using ITS sequencing confirmed the identity of four endophytes with high sequence similarity (97.00–99.30%), and their sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession No. ON782385–ON782388). Notably, field evaluations conducted over two consecutive monsoon seasons (June-October), in 2021 and 2022, demonstrated that plants treated with P. citrinum and P. echinochloae exhibited complete suppression or a minimal incidence of false smut and significantly fewer smut balls. Besides disease suppression, both endophytes conferred substantial improvements in shoot and root length, root weight, number of grains per panicle, and grain weight, outperforming untreated controls. These findings identified P. citrinum and P. echinochloae as novel and effective bioagents for eco-friendly management of rice false smut, with the added advantage of enhancing crop vigour and productivity.