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<p>Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with high ground stories are frequently constructed for commercial purposes, such as showrooms or retail spaces. However, this architectural requirement often results in significant stiffness and strength irregularities throughout the building height. The catastrophic earthquakes that struck Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023, provided extensive field data regarding the failure mechanisms of such buildings. In this study, a RC building model with a high ground story was created, and pushover analyses were performed, and damage mechanisms originating from the ground story were investigated in detail. Structural performance was evaluated under different strengthening scenarios; fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening and RC jacketing methods were analysed comparatively in terms of ground story-limited and multi-story applications. For this purpose, a 6-story RC structure was considered to represent mid-rise RC buildings. To create the effect of a high ground story, the ground story height was chosen as 4 m, while the height of each of the other stories was chosen as equal and 3 m. The study demonstrates that although strengthening the high ground story increases the lateral load-carrying capacity, it may inadvertently trigger shear damage in non-strengthened upper stories due to the redistribution of stiffness. The results suggest that multi-story strengthening strategies are essential for mid-rise RC buildings to maintain structural integrity and prevent brittle failure mechanisms observed in the field. In contrast, multi-story strengthening scenarios provided a more balanced structural response and eliminated shear capacity exceedances in the analysed columns. Furthermore, the RCJ-II model increased the base shear capacity from 1208.24 kN to 3015.40 kN while reducing the structural period from 0.81 s to 0.60 s. The study findings highlight that inter-story rigidity continuity is a critical design parameter in strengthening existing RC structures with high ground stories, and offer important engineering implications for post-earthquake performance improvement strategies.</p>

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Strengthening strategies for mitigating damage induced by high ground stories: field data and analytical findings from RC buildings in the kahramanmaraş earthquakes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Ercan Işık

摘要

Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with high ground stories are frequently constructed for commercial purposes, such as showrooms or retail spaces. However, this architectural requirement often results in significant stiffness and strength irregularities throughout the building height. The catastrophic earthquakes that struck Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023, provided extensive field data regarding the failure mechanisms of such buildings. In this study, a RC building model with a high ground story was created, and pushover analyses were performed, and damage mechanisms originating from the ground story were investigated in detail. Structural performance was evaluated under different strengthening scenarios; fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening and RC jacketing methods were analysed comparatively in terms of ground story-limited and multi-story applications. For this purpose, a 6-story RC structure was considered to represent mid-rise RC buildings. To create the effect of a high ground story, the ground story height was chosen as 4 m, while the height of each of the other stories was chosen as equal and 3 m. The study demonstrates that although strengthening the high ground story increases the lateral load-carrying capacity, it may inadvertently trigger shear damage in non-strengthened upper stories due to the redistribution of stiffness. The results suggest that multi-story strengthening strategies are essential for mid-rise RC buildings to maintain structural integrity and prevent brittle failure mechanisms observed in the field. In contrast, multi-story strengthening scenarios provided a more balanced structural response and eliminated shear capacity exceedances in the analysed columns. Furthermore, the RCJ-II model increased the base shear capacity from 1208.24 kN to 3015.40 kN while reducing the structural period from 0.81 s to 0.60 s. The study findings highlight that inter-story rigidity continuity is a critical design parameter in strengthening existing RC structures with high ground stories, and offer important engineering implications for post-earthquake performance improvement strategies.