<p>This study focuses on the role of Timber Framed Masonry (TFM) systems in the seismic performance of masonry structures. In this system, the compressive strength of masonry is combined with the tensile strength and ductility of wood. The study was conducted as a case study on the historic Ayazpaşa Mosque in Erzurum. Within the methodology, the mechanical properties of the masonry and timber elements in the TFM system were determined by non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. For the dynamic characterization of the structure, ambient and forced vibration tests were performed by using triaxial accelerometers. The data obtained from these tests were used for the development and calibration of a detailed finite element model (FEM) of the structure. Finally, static and dynamic analyses were performed on the calibrated model. It was demonstrated that TFM elements have a critical role in the preservation of structural integrity, especially under seismic loads. Greater stability and flexibility were also provided to the structure by these elements.</p>