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<p>This study presents a numerical investigation into the seismic performance of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints using LS-DYNA software, aiming to develop cost-effective reinforcement strategies that enhance ductility, energy dissipation, and post-earthquake reparability. Two hybrid reinforcement approaches are examined: (i) a shape memory alloy (SMA)–steel system for reducing residual drifts, and (ii) a novel dual-grade steel (DGS) configuration proposed as a practical alternative. A local weakening technique is introduced within the DGS system—achieved by splicing longitudinal bars of two distinct yield strengths—to intentionally shift the plastic hinge away from the joint core, thereby mitigating strain penetration and protecting the joint region. The finite element models are validated against experimental data. Parametric studies investigate (1) the effect of splice location in SMA–steel hybrid joints, revealing that a splice distance of 0.5 times the beam depth (0.5<i>h</i>) provides the most balanced performance; and (2) the seismic performance of the proposed DGS system. Results indicate that the DGS configuration achieves a 46% increase in cumulative energy dissipation and a 16% reduction in residual story drift compared to conventional steel-reinforced joints. Damage pattern analysis confirms successful relocation of the plastic hinge away from the joint core, promoting distributed inelasticity and enhanced repairability. The proposed DGS strategy offers a viable, cost-effective solution for resilient RC frame design, compatible with current construction practices.</p>

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Numerical evaluation of hybrid reinforcement strategies for seismic enhancement of exterior RC beam–column joints

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Mir Mahmoud Mousavizadeh,
  • Elham Ghandi

摘要

This study presents a numerical investigation into the seismic performance of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints using LS-DYNA software, aiming to develop cost-effective reinforcement strategies that enhance ductility, energy dissipation, and post-earthquake reparability. Two hybrid reinforcement approaches are examined: (i) a shape memory alloy (SMA)–steel system for reducing residual drifts, and (ii) a novel dual-grade steel (DGS) configuration proposed as a practical alternative. A local weakening technique is introduced within the DGS system—achieved by splicing longitudinal bars of two distinct yield strengths—to intentionally shift the plastic hinge away from the joint core, thereby mitigating strain penetration and protecting the joint region. The finite element models are validated against experimental data. Parametric studies investigate (1) the effect of splice location in SMA–steel hybrid joints, revealing that a splice distance of 0.5 times the beam depth (0.5h) provides the most balanced performance; and (2) the seismic performance of the proposed DGS system. Results indicate that the DGS configuration achieves a 46% increase in cumulative energy dissipation and a 16% reduction in residual story drift compared to conventional steel-reinforced joints. Damage pattern analysis confirms successful relocation of the plastic hinge away from the joint core, promoting distributed inelasticity and enhanced repairability. The proposed DGS strategy offers a viable, cost-effective solution for resilient RC frame design, compatible with current construction practices.