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<p>The application of friction dampers for retrofitting ancient timber structures can significantly enhance the energy dissipation capacity and seismic performance. To further evaluate the advantages of displacement-amplified rotational friction dampers (DARFDs) in improving the dynamic response, collapse resistance, and seismic fragility of such structures, this study takes the Chenxiang Pavilion in Xi’an as a case study. An equivalent analytical model was developed to simulate the behavior of the structure retrofitted with DARFDs. Dynamic analyses were carried out using an extended discrete element model to quantify seismic performance improvements and optimize damper placement. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was conducted to assess seismic fragility, systematically investigating the influence of DARFD retrofitting on structural collapse resistance and fragility. The results indicate that installing DARFDs at mortise-tenon joints effectively mitigates structural displacement response and significantly reduces the risk of failure. The most effective control was achieved with dampers installed at the bottom level of the middle span, yielding a maximum reduction in the inter-story drift ratio of 34.40%. Moreover, the incorporation of DARFDs significantly improves overall collapse resistance. Across various seismic intensity levels, exceedance probabilities were significantly reduced. For the life safety (LS) limit state, the exceedance probabilities of the un-retrofitted (UR) structure under DBE and MCE levels are 0.36 and 0.66, respectively. These values decrease to 0.27 and 0.55 (reductions of 0.09 and 0.11) with R1 retrofitting, and to 0.31 and 0.58 (reductions of 0.05 and 0.08) with R2 retrofitting. Furthermore, the peak ground acceleration (PGA) corresponding to a 50% exceedance probability of the collapse prevention (CP) limit state is 0.57&#xa0;g, 0.68&#xa0;g, and 0.73&#xa0;g for the UR, R1, and R2 conditions, respectively, indicating a substantial improvement in collapse resistance after retrofitting.</p>

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Seismic collapse resistance and fragility assessment of ancient timber structure retrofitted with displacement-amplified rotational friction dampers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • Leilei Liu,
  • Xicheng Zhang,
  • Yao Cui,
  • Guoyuan Wu,
  • Zherui Li

摘要

The application of friction dampers for retrofitting ancient timber structures can significantly enhance the energy dissipation capacity and seismic performance. To further evaluate the advantages of displacement-amplified rotational friction dampers (DARFDs) in improving the dynamic response, collapse resistance, and seismic fragility of such structures, this study takes the Chenxiang Pavilion in Xi’an as a case study. An equivalent analytical model was developed to simulate the behavior of the structure retrofitted with DARFDs. Dynamic analyses were carried out using an extended discrete element model to quantify seismic performance improvements and optimize damper placement. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was conducted to assess seismic fragility, systematically investigating the influence of DARFD retrofitting on structural collapse resistance and fragility. The results indicate that installing DARFDs at mortise-tenon joints effectively mitigates structural displacement response and significantly reduces the risk of failure. The most effective control was achieved with dampers installed at the bottom level of the middle span, yielding a maximum reduction in the inter-story drift ratio of 34.40%. Moreover, the incorporation of DARFDs significantly improves overall collapse resistance. Across various seismic intensity levels, exceedance probabilities were significantly reduced. For the life safety (LS) limit state, the exceedance probabilities of the un-retrofitted (UR) structure under DBE and MCE levels are 0.36 and 0.66, respectively. These values decrease to 0.27 and 0.55 (reductions of 0.09 and 0.11) with R1 retrofitting, and to 0.31 and 0.58 (reductions of 0.05 and 0.08) with R2 retrofitting. Furthermore, the peak ground acceleration (PGA) corresponding to a 50% exceedance probability of the collapse prevention (CP) limit state is 0.57 g, 0.68 g, and 0.73 g for the UR, R1, and R2 conditions, respectively, indicating a substantial improvement in collapse resistance after retrofitting.